lg Art. VII. — A. Matsumur.i : 



is called taik maran (raw talk), contains a large quantity of red 

 matter and is mnch valued by the islanders, as above stated. 

 But other kinds of talk are not so beautiful, namely those in 

 which the yellow colour predominates. Both the talk and coconut- 

 oil have a peculiar smell, and the bodies of the natives daubed 

 with thes3 preparations have the same odour. 



2. Tattooing in General. — There are two different methods of 

 tattooing. One is tattooing by incision (scar- ornament, cicatrization), 

 i.e., by cutting or burning the skin. The other is tattooing by 

 puncture (or simple tattooing), i.e., inserting pigments in punctures 

 to mark the skin with various patterns, which form a permanent 

 ornament for the skin. Botli ways of tattooing are found among 

 the natives of the East Caroline Islands. I shall deal with cicatriza- 

 tion first. 



A. Cicatrization. — The custom of cicatrization prevails in Tiuk, 

 Ponapé and some other islands. In Ponapé, not only the abori- 

 gines, but also the settlers from Mokil and Pingelap who live in 

 Jokaj district, have this custom, though the practice is not s(^ 

 prevalent among them as among the former. Cicatrization is used 

 by both men and women. In women, however, the scarification 

 is much smaller than in men. The former have only a limited 

 number of raised cicatrices about the size of red beans on the 

 top of the upper arms, where they form regular patterns ; while 

 the latter have several marks cut not only on the arms but also 

 on the breast, as shown in Fig. 2. 



There are two kinds of cicatrices practised by the natives of 

 the East Caroline Islands. The raised cicatrices, about the size of 

 red beans as mentioned above, are marks left on the body by 

 burning, wliile the short lines are scars made with knives. These 

 are all intended for personal adornment. But we were told that 



