106 B. KOTO : THE GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF 



sandstone and coral fragments. From tlie fissure inflammable 

 gases are exhaled. Its emergence was accompanied by two sea- 

 waves, a rumbling noise, as well as a furious wind. This shows 

 that the sea-bottom between North Borneo and Paragua is geo- 

 logically not quite at rest. 



Celebes. 



Stratigraphically speaking,^^^ granite, greenstones, gneiss, 

 mica-schist and quartzite constitute the foundation of Celebes, 

 overlaid by thick, red clay, and then by grey clay, marl, fine 

 and coarse sandstones, which make alternating beds of marine, 

 lacustrine, and terestrial origin, harbouring rich fossils. Upon 

 the grey clay rests the thick Neocene limestone of coral forma- 

 tion, which in the interior rises up to an elevation of 1000 

 metres, while the same rock on the coast lies in direct contact 

 with the living coral reefs. At some place, there are young 

 lacustrine deposits in the form of a fresh-water quartzite, and 

 bog iron ore, with animal and plant remains. 



The main mountain-ridge runs in the meridional direction 

 along the west coast with north-east deflection at the north end, 

 the southern extremity being joined at one point to Lombok 

 by a submarine plateau, and at another point to Floris, pro- 

 bably through the Saleiyer island. From the middle of the 

 island one arm of land projects out to the south-east, and 

 another to the north-east, thus giving a k-shaped outline to 

 the whole Celebes. Both tongues of the land belong to young 

 geologic formations. 



The meridional ridge seems mainly to be built up of pluto- 

 nic and Archaean rocks, which at the north end opposite Cape 



50) P. Sarasin, VerliudL d. Gesell, f. Erdkunde, z. Berlin, XXIII, 1896. 



