EIGHTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK-PART III. 113 



of oil per day, provided you will settle on how many days you 

 will feed it, and market your cattle at that time, I think you will 

 have satisfactory results; if you are going to feed your cattle 

 longer, give them less oil cake. 



Question: Is it safe to feed these little fellows so much oil 

 meal? 



Mr. Emboden: No, I don't think it is. These calves now; I will 

 not give them over a half pound of oil cake during the winter and 

 spring and increase it toward the end. 



Question: Let me ask you if you notice any difference in the 

 flies bothering younger cattle or the older cattle? 



Mr. Emboden : I don't know that I have. What aged cattle I 

 have, are fed in the drj lot. Nearly all my feeding is in the winter 

 except the yearlings in the summer. 



Question: "What particular breed are the range cattle? 



Mr. Emboden: Principally Hereford. 



Question: Do you feed those calves cotton s-eed meal? 



Mr. Emboden: I have fed a little of it. I don't think it is as 

 good as linseed meal. I think often there is an irritant about the 

 cotton seed meal, and I have been using linseed meal for a num- 

 ber of years and I prefer it. 



Question : I would like to ask you if you vaccinate your calves ? 



]\Ir. Emboden : I never did. I have handled calves more or 

 less for 20 years, and never had a case of the black-leg, and a 

 great many range calves are vaccinated and great many are put 

 on the market not vaccinated. An old feeder years ago told me 

 to use a little saltpetre in connection with salt, that it was a sure 

 prevention of black-leg. I don't know whether there is any merit 

 in this or not. He used 4 ounces of saltpetre to 8 pounds of salt, 

 and I have been using that for a number of years, and never have 

 had a case of blackleg. There may be no merit in that; it costs 

 but a trifle and may be worth trying. 



Question: Do you think it essential to feed oil meal to finish 

 steers ? 



]\Ir. Emboden: I use it when I put a bunch of age cattle in the 

 lot ; I would like to do it as short a time as possible. I find with the 

 addition of linseed meal or cotton seed meal, I can shorten my 

 feed. But we must remember, corn might be at a price, or bi- 



