648 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



plats IV and V showed a difference of about thirteen bushels in a hundred 

 and in plats IV and III a difference of nineteen bushels in a hundred in 

 favor of sprayed fruit. Patten Greening showed a difference in plats I 

 and II of five bushels, in plats IV and V of twenty-eight and one-half 

 bushels and in plats IV and III of forty-eight and one-half bushels in a 

 hundred in favor of the sprayed fruit. 



Note that these comparisons have no reference to the relative amounts 

 of the yield of the different plats, but refer to the percentages of picked 

 and dropped fruit in the total yields regardless of the amount of that yield. 



It is interesting to observe in this connection that the Patten Greening 

 fruit hung to the trees much better than did the fruit of the Wealthy. In 

 plat III, which was sprayed, Wealthy showed 61 per cent of dropped fruit, 

 while Patten Greening showed 24 per cent. In plat IV, which was un- 

 sprayed, the percentage of dropped Patten Greening rose to 72 per cent 

 and that of Wealthy to 80 per cent. The highest percentage of dropped 

 fruit on any of the sprayed plats was found in plat V, where 44 per cent 

 of the Patten Greening and 67 per cent of the Wealthy dropped. This 

 leads me to raise the question whether it would not be a good practice in 

 handling varieties like the Wealthy and Patten Greening to make at least 

 two pickings, one when the earliest ripening fruit first reaches marketable 

 condition and the other when the most of the later ripening fruit is in 

 prime condition. I am of the opinion that in large commercial orchards 

 of these varieties it would pay to make at least two pickings. 



A study of this experiment leads to the following conclusions: 



First — Where an orchard is badly infested with the apple scab and 

 has not been previously sprayed it should have two thorough treatments 

 before the blossoms open instead of one, the first to be given when the 

 green tips of the leaves first push through the bud scales, the second just 

 before the blossoms open. 



Second — It is best to make the treatments very thorough and timely. 



Third — In Iowa it pays to spray for the second brood of the codlin moth. 



Besides the two treatments which should be given before the blossoms 

 open as indicated above, the control of scab and codlin moth requires that 

 the orchard be sprayed just after the blossoms fall and again in from ten 

 to fourteen days. The season's spraying operations will then include the 

 following line of treatment: _ 



1. When the leaf buds are opening. 



2. Just before blooming. 



3. Just after blooming. 



4. About two weeks after the third treatment. 



5. The last of July or first of August. 



In all of this work it is best to use liquid Bordeaux mixture with paris 

 green or some other effective poison. 



HORTICULTURE. 



Mr. Buffln, Estherville, Iowa, before Dickinson County Farmers' Institute. 



Volumes have been written on this topic and still it is not exhausted. 

 It ranks second to none, save, perhaps, agriculture, of which it is practi- 

 cally a branch. 



