682 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



out of the starters and give the bees full sheets of comb foundation and 

 feed plenty of sugar syrup each evening until every colony is in first 

 class order. Make the syrup out of granulated sugar, putting one pound 

 of water to every pound of sugar, and bring it to a boil. As previously 

 stated, old combs must be burned or made into wax and so must all new 

 combs made during the four days. No colony is cured of foul brood by 

 the use of any drug. 



All the difference from the McEvoy treatment that I practice — I dig 

 a deep pit on level ground near the diseased apiary and after getting a 

 fire in the pit such diseased combs, frames, etc., as are to be burned are 

 burned in this pit in the evening and then the fresh earth from the pit 

 returned to cover all from sight. Often I use some kerosene oil, a little at 

 a time being poured on old brood combs or those having much honey in, 

 as they are hard to burn. If diseased combs with honey in are burned 

 on the surface of the soil there is great danger; the honey when heated 

 a little will run like water on the soil and in the morning the robber 

 bees will be busy taking home the diseased honey that was not heated 

 enough to kill germs of foul brood. 



I also cage the queen while the bees are on the five or six strips of 

 foundation. It helps to keep the colony from deserting the hive and going 

 to other colonies. 



I do not believe in or practice burning any property, such as hives, 

 bees, beeswax or honey that can be safely treated and saved. Many times 

 it is poor economy to save all and as so many beekeepers are not so 

 situated as to keep all diseased material from robber bees while taking 

 care of it, I take charge of the treatment, using my wax press to save 

 all the beeswax that would have been wasted. 



NEEDS OF THE RURAL SCHOOLS. 

 Miss Mary Riley, Spencer, Iowa, Before Clay County Farmers Institute: 



The student of our educational history cannot fail to be impressed with 

 the wonderful progress made in the past century in the development of 

 our public school system, and yet, with its marvelous growth and its 

 limitless possibilities for the future have some element of weakness that 

 in many cases are impairing its usefulness. Its founders did not intend 

 that it become a place of leisure, but a place where brain, if not brawn, 

 should receive some degree of development. It is conceded, I think, that 

 the object of the public school is to train for citizenship. This is true 

 of the rural schools as well as the graded schools. But the rural school 

 advancement has not kept pace with the wonderful progress of the sec- 

 ondary schools and colleges. 



For one thing, the rural school has made little preparation regarding 

 the health of the child. There are very few rural school buildings in 

 the State of Iowa today in the construction of which any special attention 

 has been paid to the proper heating, lighting and ventilation. The only 

 respect in which most of the rural school buildings differ is in length, 

 breadth and height. So much do they resemble one another in style of 

 architecture that the horse of any county superintendent will soon recog- 



