1866. 



237 



[Lesley. 



for water 14 feet under the surface, at a point a quarter of a mile to 

 the south." 



There is always at least one small bed of coal near the top of the 

 Barren Measures, under the Pittsburg bed. 



" There is a great flow of water and gas from the well, the gas 

 acting periodically with force sufficient to eject the water from the 

 mouth of the tubing (laid horizontally feet from the ground) to a 

 distance of 50 feet." The strong dip from the anticlinal of the 

 Chestnut Ridge makes all the wells along its western foot artesian. 

 ''This well has never been properly tested for salt or oil, because the 

 fresh water has never been exhausted." 



The following is the record of Governor Johnson's oil well, bored 

 in the centre of the gorge of the Loyalhanna River through Chestnut 

 Ridge, about six miles east of Latrobe. The mountain rises 800 or 

 900 feet above the bed of the river, and is capped with the bottom 

 coal measures. The well commences at a point about thirty rods up 

 stream from where the axis of the great anticlinal of the Ridge crosses 

 the river. It is therefore nearly on the crown of the arch. White 

 and red sandrocks belonging to the Upper Devonian system (IX and 

 X) form crags overhanging the river banks. 



''Soil," . . 



Slate, blue, to a vein of fresh water, 

 "Bluestone," .... 

 Soapstone, .... 



Bluestone, 

 Sandstone, 



14 feet. 

 25 to 39 

 25 to 64 

 4 to 68 

 10 to 78 

 24 to 102 

 22 to 124 

 30 to 154 



white to salt water vein, 



gray to where " tools dropped, ten inches," 



("black," 



small show of gas, borings of black slate, perhaps coal ; 

 water-vein white as milk. 



Black slate, pretty soft, 60 to 214 



" Bastard blue stone," 26 to 240 



C white to a grand spring of fresh sulphur water, 74 to 314 

 j pebble rock, . . . . . . 2 to 316 



' j quartz rock, . . . . . . 45 to 361 



i_ white, 43 to 404 



Black slate, *18 to 422 



Sandstone; to a vein of gas, ..... 10 to 432 



* Omitted, and perhaps justly, in S. M. Wickersham's letter, No. 124 First St., 

 Pittsburg, June 14tli, 1865. 



