1866.] 281 IPeale. 



demanded by his en]arp;ed business. It was of novel construction, in 

 several respects, and was flnished to an extent entirely unexampled 

 in that day. Its vertical cylinder, so placed for economy of space ; 

 its forked cross-head, and pitman, guides at the sides of the cylinder, 

 were novelties, in the disposition, and form of parts, and its bevel 

 wheels, which gave motion to the governor, were without teeth, doing 

 their duty by friction alone, being noiseless, like the beautiful engine 

 whose motion that governor controlled. 



This little engine of five horse power was the object of much 

 attention among machinists, and excited general admiration by its 

 quiet, though efBcient motion, and the fine finish of all its parts. 

 It is at this hour an efficient motive power in the great establishment 

 of M. W. Baldwin & Co., with very slight changes in its parts, a 

 durable evidence of the sound mechanical judgment of him, who 

 designed and executed it. 



It was about this time that the attention of the world was con- 

 centrated on the importance of railroads, for transportation, and the 

 means of moving upon them. The history of the Locomotive is well 

 known, and need not be recapitulated, but the experience in this coun- 

 try was very limited, although the public mind and curiosity were 

 ardently drawn towards all that had been done, or was doing in re- 

 lation thereto. It was in consequence of the feeling on this impor- 

 tant matter that Mr. Baldwin was requested by the author of this 

 memoir to make for the Philadelphia Museum, of which he was 

 manager, a model locomotive. After the examination of all the re- 

 sources then available in description, and sketches of the engines, 

 which had competed for the premium on the Liverpool and Manches- 

 ter Railroad, a plan was adopted, and the model engine commenced 

 in 1830, and after a few experiments and modifications, finished in 

 1831. And on the 25th of April of that year was put in operation 

 on a track laid in the rooms of the Museum, in the Arcade, making 

 the circuit of the whole suite, and drawing two miniature cars, con- 

 taining seats for four passengers (which were sometimes loaded 

 double), in a manner highly gratifying to the public, who attended 

 in crowds to witness, for the first time in this city and state, the 

 effect of steam in railroad transportation. 



It may be proper to observe, that the efficiency of this miniature 

 engine, and its satisfactory performance, were mainly due to the dis- 

 charge of the exhaust, or waste steam, into the stack, or chimney; 

 a principle of vital importance in all engines, rendering a blowing 

 apparatus unnecessary, and supplying the fuel with air requisite for 



