Hayden.] 3]^g [February. 



is undoubtedly a naturalized plant. Dr. Hayden has seen it in many 

 localities in the Upper Missouri, where it could not have been other- 

 wise than indigenous. It occurs in barren and saline places, in soil 

 composed mostly of the clays of the Fort Pierre group, No. 4, creta- 

 ceous. It grows sparingly near the mouth of the Teton River, about 

 four miles below Fort Pierre, in the Valley of White River, near 

 the " Mauvaises Terres," in the Valley of the Niobrara River, near 

 the mouth of Rapid River. It also grows quite abundantly on and 

 around the rock exposures of the red quartzites of Dakota, in the 

 Valley of James River, Vermilion, at Sioux Falls, and the Red Pipe- 

 stone quarry. It does not grow as abundantly or as luxuriantly in 

 any of these localities, as in our gardens and cultivated grounds, 



2. AcliiUea mtUi'folimn, regarded by Dr. Darlington and Ellliott as 

 naturalized from Europe. Dr. Hooker (Flora Boreali Americana), 

 says, "Tliis plant is distributed throughout the British possessions, 

 from Luke Huron to the Arctic Sea, and from the Atlantic to the 

 Pacific Ocean." In the Northwest it is variable, sometimes with 

 short woolly leaves, and at other times long lower ones, a foot long 

 and three inches in diameter. On account of its more woolly char- 

 acter, it has been called A. lanosum by Nuttall, but Dr. Torrey does 

 not recognize it as distinct. Beck, in his " Botany of the Northern 

 States," 1848, says, "It is introduced and extensively naturalized 

 from Arctic America to Oregon and Mexico." He does not con- 

 sider it indigenous. It was found by Stansbury in the islands of 

 Salt Lake. (Report, page o9l.) Dr. Torrey, in " Marcy's Report," 

 states that it is found on the upper tributaries of the Red River. 

 It is the woolly form that occurs almost exclusively west of the Mis- 

 sissippi. It is found distributed almost universally over the broad 

 grassy plains of the Upper Missouri. It does not grow in masses 

 or thick bunches, as about houses and cultivated places east of the 

 Mississippi, but usually with a single stalk, or at most four or five 

 from one root. It would seem to be, without doubt, indigenous in 

 the West. 



3. Hamulus lupuhis. — "This plant, though cultivated (/. e., the 

 pistillate one) in almost every garden, is undoubtedly indigenous 

 along our streams. The pistillate plant, in cultivation, being usually 

 remote from the staminate, I think the ovaries are commonly abor- 

 tive." (Flora Cestrica, page 287.) 



Nuttall, in " Memoirs of the Academy of Natural Sciences," 2d 

 series, page 181, calls it II. Americanus, and says, "I have ven- 



