June 1, 1912.] 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



415 



Published on the 1st of each Month by 



THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING GO. 



No. 15 West 38th Street. New York. 



CABLE ADDRESS: IRWORLD. NEW YORK. 



HENRY C. PEARSON, Editor 



Vol. 46. 



JUNE I. 1912. 



No. 3 



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COPYRIGHT. 1912, BY THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. 

 Entered at the New York postoffice as mail matter of the second class. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS ON LAST PAGE OF READING. 



COTTON FABRICS IN RUBBER MANUFACTURE. 



I3UBBER manufacturers have had so much to learn 

 ■*• *■ concerning crude rubber in its infinitely varying 

 forms, in compounding ingredients, in cures, and in causes 

 of deterioration, etc., that the apparently simple cot- 

 ton fabrics used have not received the careful and 

 analytical attention that they perhaps demand. Xot 

 that the fabrics have not been studied and carefully 

 selected, but the knowledge of the rubber manufac- 

 turer has not in many cases been founded upon the 

 prior knowledge of the fabric manufacturer. Hence, 

 it often happens that the nature of a fabric being only 

 partly understood, it is called upon to do service for 

 which it is distinctly unfitted. To handle a fabric 

 successfully, the rubber manufacturer should be able 

 to measure accurately its elasticity, its distortion un- 

 der strain, its shrinkage under moisture treatment, its 

 altered construction during the process of drying, its 

 absorption of moisture in the store house, its surface 



• loosening of lint or dust from compression in the roll 



" or in handling — all these and more. 



All fabric has a certain elasticity, that may be used 



to advantage or may be a decided disadvantage, de- LIRRar 

 pending upon how it is used. This elasticity may be 1^^^^ VOI 

 almost whollv removed and the goods given a per- 



manent set. Therefore, as fabric can be coated while 

 either elastic or set, it should be made in the first 

 place to fit the completed article, and this must be 

 determined beforehand, and done in the cotton mills. 

 Goods when received may conform to the purchase 

 specifications before the rubber is applied, but be rad- 

 icallv different before they are made up. 200 threads 

 in the warp and 2(X) in filling to the 10-inch square 

 may be according to specifications, but 192 threads due 

 to elongation or stretching, and 208 to 210 threads 

 transversely caused by contraction may be the count 

 of 10 inches square of the fabric when coated or 

 shaped into place. 



The shrinkage, by application of water or other 

 liquid, to obtain a permanent moisture-proof effect is 

 desirable to meet certain conditions. The rubber man 

 may eft'ect this shrinkage when he desires that con- 

 dition of the fabric, or it may be done unknowingly 

 during some of the processes through which the fabric 

 passes. The fibre is, during its manufacture, subjected 

 to a certain percentage of humidity — a necessary part 

 of the cotton mill man's knowledge. This moisture 

 must be removed in the rubber mill — a necessary part 

 of the rubber man's knowledge. The action of moist- 

 ure while being absorbed by the fibre, and the action 

 of that same moisture while being driven off from that 

 fibre is a matter upon which a full knowledge has not 

 3'et been obtained. Yet some of the laws are deter- 

 mined and their application understood. The goods 

 change during the processes of drying, and a little ex- 

 perimental work will aid the rubber manufacturer to 

 determine just what changes take place, and fit him 

 to allow for them in the finished product. 



Goods after being received from the mill are usually 

 stored in cold damp store-rooms, or, at times, where 

 atmospheric conditions are very unfavorable. They 

 may and usually do absorb moisture from the air. 

 Being rolled tightly causes a certain permanent set 

 or fixed condition — not always to the advantage of 

 the rubber man. Thev are sent out from the mill in 

 a comparatively clean condition, practically free from 

 adhering dirt or loose fibre; but even with the stand- 

 ing of a roll of fabric while awaiting treatment some 

 of the short portions of fibre and finer lint become 

 loosened ; and during the drying processes much more 

 of this adhering matter is loosened. This free material 

 is a decided detriment in coating, as whatever portion 



BOTANIC. 

 OARDEf 



