IRISH GARDENING. 



waterlogged. To imitate natural soilf conditions 

 beds should be double dug in autumn and plenty 

 of leaf mould or well-rotted ])eat manure should 

 be dug in during autumn. Another, like treat- 

 ment with leaf mould is made before ])lanting in 

 spring. The beds may be arranged under 

 artiftcial or natural shade. The Wellcome 

 Materia Medica Farm, near Daren th. Kent, 

 appears to be the only i^lace where golden seal is 

 cultivated commercially in England.. Here plants 

 are grown in a dell shaded by elms and bramble 

 bushes and under lattice work. Tlie object 

 aimed at is to protect ]ilants from the heat of the 

 midday svm, and from lieavy rain and drying 

 winds. Beds made in orcliards and arranged so 

 that the fruit trees shade them at midday would 

 seem adapted for this ])urpose. The beds could 

 be sunk several inches if deficient in natural 

 moisture. A 2-in. drain with good fall 15 in. 

 bell >w the .surface should pi'event waterlogging on 

 wet soils. Mr. W. Ferrein, a Russian pharmacist, 

 has grown golden seal successfully in the shade 

 of apple trees near Moscow. 



Golden seal is propagated by dividing uj) the 

 rhizonaes of older plants in late spring (April or 

 May). These bear prolific lines of dormant buds 

 from end to end of the rhizome, and a living piece 

 containing one of these will grow under suitable 

 conditions. These are planted in rows 6 in. 

 apart with 1 ft. between the rows. The plant 

 usually bears a single leaf the first year, and two 

 leaves and a single flower the second year. 

 Golden seal is a slow b\it persistent grower under 

 suitable conditions, the time between planting and 

 harvesting l)eing three years. The ])lauts shovdd 



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