24 GROTE — SPECIALIZATIOXS OF LEPIDOPTEROUS WIXG. [Jan. 21, 



the position of vein iii^ of fore wings. Cross-vein degeneral e between 

 iva and ivj or cubitus, as might be expected, on hind wings, while 

 on fore wings the specialization has not proceeded so far. Genera : 

 Pararge and Lasiommata. 



AgapetincB (Type : Agapetes galatliea). — Vein ivg of hind wings 

 springs from cross-vein as in Pieridse and next two succeeding fami- 

 lies. All the North American genera I have yet examined (but 

 many remain), and most European Satyrids belong here. The 

 cross-vein is partially degenerate, but as long as vein ivg keeps its 

 position and does not fuse with cubitus this may not here disap- 

 pear. Vein i of hind wings varies in expression and, almost van- 

 ishing in Coenonympha, is quite absorbed in Pyronia. It is 

 diminished in Cercyonis. Probably its study may give us a better 

 arrangement of the European forms. In Eumenis it terminates 

 squarely as in the Parargin^e, and again in Nymphalis. In the other 

 genera it is pointed. Owing to the inequality and slight nature 

 of the specializations in the Agapetin^, it will require a minute 

 and patient comparison to straighten them out. Any rough classi- 

 fication or sequence attempted on "general principles" must be 

 always nearly valueless. CEneis is evidently a generalized form. 



HeliconidcB. — Study of the type : Heliconiiis antiochus. As in 

 all the " brush-footed " butterflies, the radius on fore wings is in a 

 five-branched generalized state, while iv^ springs from upper corner 

 of median cell. Cells completely closed, the cross-vein merely 

 thinning a little below iv^. No trace of vein viii, hence more 

 specialized than Limnadid^e and agreeing with Agapetido^. Vein 

 ivj nearly central, a little radially inclined on fore wings and con- 

 siderably more so on hind wings, where the cell is small, retreating, 

 the veins long. Vein i determinate, pointed. The radius of fore 

 wings is more specialized than in Limnas, where \\\^ leaves the 

 stem opposite cross-vein. Here vein iii._, arises beyond the cell. A 

 more generalized wing than that of the Agapetidce, more distinctly a 

 Limnad type. All traces of the base of media disappeared ; no 

 trace of backward spurs from cross- vein. 



LtmnadidcB. — Study of the type : Limnas chrysippus. On the 

 five-branched radius of primaries vein iii.^ springs from a point oppo- 

 site cross-vein. Vein viii on fore wings present strongly developed. 

 Veins strong ; cells closed ; a backward spur from cross-vein on 

 fore wings opposite iv._,, the position of which is central. On hind 

 wings this vein is slightly radial. Vein i of hind wings imperfectly 



