186 BRIXTON — LINGUISTIC CARTOGRAPHY. [Oct. 7, 



Ubeguas, near its mouth. ^ Whether the Caaiguas of Charlevoix 

 are the same as the Cainguas is uncertain. Dr. Ehrenreich sup- 

 poses them the older representatives of the modern Guayakis, a 

 tribe near the middle Parana, who are extremely wild and timid. 

 We have no sufficient knowledge of their tongue to identify the 

 stock to which they belong." 



The modern Cainguas live on the upper Parana. Their customs 

 and dialects have been thoroughly studied by Ambrosetti, who gives 

 an ample and accurate vocabulary (Ambrosetti, ii and iii). The 

 assertion of some writers that they have a tongue peculiar to them- 

 selves has not proved correct. They are divided into three sub- 

 tribes. 



Apuitere. 



Baaberd, or Baiicnlas. 



Chiripa. 



There are, however, but unimportant differences in the dialects. 



The Samucu Stock. 



In the northeast corner of the map, longitude 58°, latitude 20°, 

 on the right bank of the river Paraguay, dwell the Chamocos or 

 Chiamococos. They have been especially studied by Boggiani, 

 whose monograph upon them presents excellent ethnographic and 

 linguistic material. 



He claimed them (i, p. 23) to be an independent stock, and 

 denied {id., p. 19) that they are linguistically related to the Samu- 

 cus or Zamucos described by Father Azara and the traveler D'Or- 

 bigny. 



Dr. Karl von den Steinen, in whose hands is a MS. grammar of 

 the Samucu, has shown, however, by a comparison of twenty words 

 that there is a decided lexical similarity between the two, and that 

 this also extends to grammatic forms. ^ 



^ See D'Orbigny, V Homme Aijiericaiii, Tom. ii, p. 270, whose statement has 

 not been impugned by subsequent writers. 



2 Dr. Ehrenreich, on the strength of one or two words, inclines to the opinion 

 that they are Ges (my Tapuyas). See his article in Globus, January, 1898, p. 73. 



3 His article is published in Globus, for May, 1895 (^^- Ixxvii, No. 21). In 

 the American Race, p. 301, I have given twelve subtribes of the Samucu stock 

 and a short vocabulary. Cardus (i, p. 327) calls it " Zamuca," and prints a 

 vocabulary of twenty-three words. 



