1898.] BRINTON — LINGUISTIC CARTOGRAPHY. 189 



The personal and possessive pronouns in the Chiamococo are as 

 follows : 



(inseparable prefix). 



The syllable os is prefixed to parts of the human body, articles of 

 use and to verbs which are reflexive or intransitive. Boggiani con- 

 siders it a generic pronoun referring to human beings. It seems 

 akin to the numeral for '■'■ two," ossia, and therefore I should think 

 it signifies "the other's," or "another's," which is the primary 

 sense of the binary numeral. 



The above pronouns are not those of the Arawack stock, except 

 that the Ande uses the pronominal prefix a in the first person plural, 

 which Adam thinks is an abbreviation of aba} 



The signs of negation in Chiamococo ^^V^, gio' ; or the prefix ie, 

 ict. This differs entirely from the Arawack stock, where the nega- 

 tive is conveyed by the prefix ma-, 7fio-, with great uniformity. 



These and other grammatical differences are too formidable to 

 admit the opinion that the Samucu is a substock of the Arawack ; 

 while the lexical similarities are too numerous and striking to be 

 overlooked. Very many words from Arawack dialects have been 

 incorporated into the tongue spoken by the Chiamococos and their 

 affined hordes. 



The Chamococos bravos, who occasionally appear on the shores of 

 the Rio Paraguay a few leagues south of Fort Olimpo, speak the 

 same tongue, and their separation from the main stock is still 

 remembered in tradition (Boggiani, iv, p. 170). 



The proper name of the united tribe appears to be Tu?nanahd or 

 Timinaha, which recurs in documents of the eighteenth century 

 (Boggiani, id.); although this may be a modification of the not 

 uncommon Tupi tribal term, teinymyiib, grandson or descendant, 

 often used in a conventional, metaphorical sense." 



Father Fernandez, whose observations were made at the com- 

 mencement of the last century, says that the Samucu tongue was 

 spoken by the Morotocos, the Careras of the Reduccion de San Juan 

 Bautista, the Ugoronos to the south and the Coroinos, a branch of 



^ Lucien Adam, Arte de la Lengua de las Indios Antis 6 Cai7ipas^^. 8 (Paris, 

 1890). 

 2 Cf. Martius, EtJmographie und Spracheyikntide, Bd. ii, p, 172. 



