1898.] BRINTON — LINGUISTIC CARTOGRAPHY. 199 



uara, men), may indicate that they were of that tongue.^ They 

 wore a peculiar labret. Following D'Orbigny and others, I placed 

 them in The American Race as a separate stock ; but now doubt 

 that this was correct. No authentic texts of their language is 

 known to me, but the elements of their culture, the place names of 

 their area, and the local appellations of plants and animals are de- 

 rived from the Tupi Guarani."^ 



In a monograph recently published, Senor Felix F. Outes has ur- 

 gently argued that Charuas of the left bank of the La Plata and 

 the Querandies (Carandies) of the right bank (near where the city 

 of Buenos Aires is now situated) both belonged to the Guaycuru 

 stock. ^ The latter extended as far north as the Rio Carcarana 

 (south latitude 32° 30'), where they adjoined the Quiloazas (Quil- 

 vazas). They wore the tembeta, and at the close of the sixteenth 

 century were allied with the Guaranis, after which period their 

 name disappears. Ameghino places them in the Guarani stock, ^ 

 while Lafone Quevedo (ix) prefers to attach them to the Guay- 

 curus. 



The only linguistic evidence extant lies in the proper names 

 which have been preserved. A notable peculiarity is the frequent 

 termination of the names of chieftains in the syllable pen ; thus 

 Ccespen, Pacaospen, Allapen^ Quemumphi, etc. This termination 

 does not occur in the Guaycuru, but is not uncommon in the Au- 

 canian (Araucanian) dialects, which also were spoken by the Pam- 

 pean tribes. In these the word pen means estate or property. It is 

 probably allied io gen, a suffix signifying rule, control or ownership.^ 



^ Lafone Quevedo (ix, p. 12) prefers to derive it from che, my, or to me, and 

 harti, hurtful, [cherdrzia, "lo que me hace dano," Ruiz), which would be ap- 

 plicable to enemies. He inclines to attach them to the Chaco stocks, although 

 he quotes Hervas, who had a catechism in it, ^to the effect that their tongue was 

 not related to the "idioms of the Paraguay." 



2 See Von Ihering, in Verhandlungen der Berlmer Anthrop. Gesell,, 1889, 

 PP- 655-659. 



3 Los Querandies, Contribucion al Estudio de la Etnograjia Argentina 

 (Buenos Aires, 1897). 



^ F, Ameghino, op. cit.. Tom. i., Cap. xi. 



5 Comp. Febres, Diccionario Araucano, s.v., and Haverstadt, Chiliditgu, 

 Section 285. The latter gives the example, incite -gen ovicha -gen. '« I am 

 owner or master of these sheep." It is both a suffix and prefix. As a suffix, it 

 often conveys the abstract sense of property or quality. Cf. Valdivia, Arte y 

 Gra7natica de la lengua del Reyno de Chile, pp. 41, 42. 



