1893.] 



SMYTH — PERICLES AND APOLLONIUS. 241 



(emsile JO ng/eur or jug/aresa mentioned in the Apolonio is the primi- 

 tive strolling actress. Alfonso in Las siete Pai'tidas denounces the 

 class as infamous. 



The Spanish text obviously rests upon the French or Provencal, 

 and in turn inspired a production of the aljamia or Spanish-Arabic 

 literature. T\\q. Maid of Arcayona\it\orig% to i\\Q texios aljamia- 

 dos and is an outgrowth of the Apolonio. ^ 



The Spanish Apolonio has a perfervid Christian tone. Christian 

 piety and honor have been breathed into the ancient pagan story. 

 It is the voice of an angel that summons Apollonius to Ephesus, 

 where his wife is the abbess of a convent / 



A later Spanish version is found in the Patramielo of Juan de 

 Timoneda (1576). Timoneda was a book-seller of Valencia, who 

 printed the pasos (dramatic interludes) of Lope de Rueda (cf. De- 

 leitoso Coi7pendiOj 1567, and Registro de Representanies, 1570). 

 He was an early writer of Spanish tales, or rather an arranger (for 

 he had little originality) of previously existing plays and narratives. 

 The very popular picaresque novel, Lazarillo de Tonnes^ had excited 

 a desire for stories of wit, intrigue and adventure, which Timoneda 

 attempted to satisfy with a collection of twenty-two traditional 

 tales {^Patranuelo, or story-teller). His version of the Apollonius he 

 derived from the Gesta Romanorum (cf. Brunet, La France litterai7'e 

 au XVe siecle, p. 12). It only remains to note that the character of 

 Tarsi ana in the early Spanish text appears to be the type of Preciosa, 

 the heroine of Cervantes' Gitanilla, and of Weber's opera.^ 



Provencal and French Versions. 



Wilhelm Cloetta, Abfassungund Ueberlieferungdes Poeme Moral, 

 Erlangen, 1884, may be consulted for the bibliography of the Apol- 

 lonius saga among the troubadours. Numerous references also occur 

 in Raynouard, Poesias d. Troubadours, ii, 301. The allusions to 

 the story in the songs of the troubadours, and the frequent Proven- 

 cal words and phrases in the Spanish MS. point to a very early ap- 

 pearance of the story in France (cf. Fauriel, Histoire de la Poesie 

 Proven^ale, iii (1846), 486, 487). 



^ Castilian written in the Arabic alphabet was called rt'/^rt/z/zi^ (/.<?., foreign), 

 the original name of the imperfect Latin spoken by the Muzarabes, The 

 Poema de l^j/^ belongs to the literature thus begotten. 



- Fitzmaurice- Kelly, Spanish Literature, p. 54. 



