256 SMYTH — PERICLES AND APOLLONIUS. [Oct. 7, 



Pudmenzky^ thinks that Gower must also have used some other 

 MSS., and his notion is perhaps borne out by Gower's own words 

 when after a long digression he returns to his subject with : 



*' But now to my matere agen 

 To telle as olde bokes seyn."^ 



4. Kynge Apollyn of Thyre is a prose romance published in 

 15 10 by Wynkyn de Worde, and translated from the French by 

 Robert Copland. Its French parentage is the MS. in the British 

 Museum (Royal 20, C. ii). It exists in but one MS., in the possession 

 of the Duke of Devonshire, at Chatsworth, and has been repro- 

 duced m facsimile by Edmund William Ashbee, in 1870, only 

 twenty-one copies printed. 



5. We come now to the last version that preceded Shakespeare, 

 and to which the latter is in part indebted. In 1576 appeared the 

 novel, ''gathered into English," entitled ^^ The Paiterne of Painefull 

 Adventures : Containing the most excellent, pleasant and variable 

 Historic of the strange accidents that befell unto Prince Apollonius, 

 the Lady Lucina, his wife, and Tharsia, his daughter. Wherein the 

 uncertaintie of this world, and the fickle state of man's life are 

 lively described. Gathered into English by Laurence Twine, Gen- 

 tleman. Imprinted at London by Valentine Simmes for the Widow 

 Newman." There are two Twines in English literature, and we 

 must be careful not to entangle them. Malone, Steevens and Douce 

 attributed the translation to Thomas Twine, "the continuator of 

 Phaer's Virgil." Laurence and Thomas Twine were brothers The 

 former and elder, the one of whom we have to speak, is defined for 

 us by Anthony a Wood as '' a fellow of All Souls' College, Bachelor 

 of Civil Law, and an ingenious poet of his time." Of Master 

 Laurence Twine's "ingenious poetry" we have no examples save 

 the songs and riddles of Tharsia. It is noteworthy that a new edi- 

 tion of The Patterne of Painefull Adventures appeared in 1607, 

 one year before Pericles^ by William Shakespeare, was entered in 

 Stationer's Hall. It is reprinted in Shakespeare* s Library, Vol. iv, 

 PP- 253-334. 



^ Shakespeare^ s Pericles und der Apol. d. Heinrich von Neustadt^ Detmold, 

 1884, p. 4. 



2 Gower's version of the Apollonius is to be found in Shakespeare'' s Library, 

 Vol. iv, pp. 181-228, printed from two MSS. in the British Museum (Harl, 3940 

 and 3869). 



