Skptf.mbf.r 1. 1920. 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



791 



are tirst covered with a strip of friction, or, if uncovered, are 

 buffed on a wire wheel to smooth off the rough edges, and 

 placed in a spiral vulcanizing mold which is washed with 

 liquid soap to prevent sticking to the mold. The cure varies 

 from seven to ten minutes. The long strip is then removed 

 from the mold and cut into lengths to make the size of bead 

 desired. This must be carefully planned out before the bead- 

 ing is cured to avoid tlie waste of trimming, as the uncured 

 trimmings can be used over again, whereas the cured ends 

 have little scrap value. The ends of the bead arc joined by 

 splicing. This is done either in the bead department or by 

 the tire-maker. 



.\ clincher bead being buffed is shown herewith. Clincher 

 beads are more flexible than straight-side beads, although 

 they harden up in the second cure with the tire. The differ- 

 ence between the two types is seen in the illustration, where 

 straight-side beads are hanging on the left-hand racks and 

 cHnchcr beads on the right, after dipping. 



While methods differ in various plants, this article describes 

 the processes of bead making generally followed in the tire 

 industry today. 



WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR RUBBER MILLS. 



By Ifaltcr J. Bittcrlich. 



IN THE .\i.\xui ACTL-RE of rubber products, temperatures are of 

 prime importance. Rapid changes as well as uniform and even 

 temperatures are required and obtained largely by the use of 

 water, steam, and air. Uniform temperatures cannot be main- 

 tained with water, or air unless they are circulated. This 

 is apparent while in bathing, when different currents are met with, 

 some cold and some warm ; also in a bath tub when the water is 

 too cold and hot water is added, it is necessary to stir it up in 

 order to make it uniform. 



Owing to the tremendous amount of water used, economy is 

 practiced by its reuse and the equipment requiring cold and warm 

 water should be laid out, graphically, as follows: 



COLD WATER SOPPLY, 



] [i 



I WARMERS I I CALEKEERs] 



WARM WATER RESERVOIR 



[washers j= SHEETERS| | TOILETS & SINKS | I 



PsEWER OR DRAIN. I 



Graph Showing Water Installation for Mills and Calenders. 



The above illustration shows how water economy can be ac- 

 complished, but no attempt has been made to, show pumping ar- 

 rangement because each plant has different conditions and the 

 system should be designed for the conditions as they exist. 



The amount of water used daily in rubber plants varies from 

 100,000 to 3,(XX).000 gallons per day, depending on the capacity of 

 the mill. When water rates are low, its reuse is not always 

 worth the investment in pumping and pressure tank equipment, 

 but where water costs from 75 cents to $1 per 1,000 cubic feet, 

 the investment is saved in a very short time. If artesian wells 

 are not available with cold water below 60 degrees F., the muni- 

 cipal supply is used, and this varies in the summer months from 

 70 degrees to 75 degrees F. Then it is necessarj' to increase the 



velocity of the water to obtain quick changes in temperatures of 

 mill and calender rolls, and consequently more water is used. Its 

 reuse in this event should be given consideration, otherwise the 

 water bill will be high. 



In laying out the local water and steam supply for both the 

 mills and calenders, the returns should always flow by gravity 

 and not discharge up to the ceiling of the room. The reason for 

 the former is because a roll will never be more than half full of 

 water after the valve is closed and when a quick change to warm 

 up the roll is necessary, only a half roll of water will have to be 

 discharged, whereas, if return is up, a full roll will have to be 

 discharged and double the amount of steam will be required to 

 accomplish it. 



Not only is there economy in gravity flow but more important is 

 the uniform temperature that can be maintained on the surface 

 of the calender or mill roll because when the roll has become 

 hot and is full of water it is desired to cool it during shutdown 

 by circulating cold water, the upper half of the roll will be warm 

 and the lower half cold. This is because the cooling water enter- 

 ing and returning through the pipe in the center of the roll short 

 circuits and the hot water remains at the top of the roll. 



A method of conserving the water supply in mills, which, by the 

 way, use the greatest amount, is to install an open funnel at the 

 return pipe of the mill roll. It will show at a glance the amount 

 of water flowing through the roll, and if one mill is using more 

 than another, it may be seen by the foreman who can order the 

 valve regulated for its economical use. Of course, some stocks 

 require lower roll temperatures and consequently more water, but 

 the foreman slunild know this and be able to save much water. 



WESTERN SALES MANAGER, C. KENYON CO., INC. 



/^ SBORNE Smith Tweedy, who has been appointed western sales 

 ^^ manager for the C. Kenyon Co.. Inc.. Brooklyn, New York, 

 with headquarters at 223 West Jackson boulevard, Chicago, Illi- 

 nois, was born in Buffalo, New 

 York, in 1872. 



Following his education in the 

 .urammar and high schools of 

 that city he started in business 

 in 1896 with the Eagle Iron 

 Works. In 1888 he was ap- 

 I)ointed Buffalo branch manager 

 for the Revere Rul)ber Co., fol- 

 lowing which he joined the Dia- 

 mond Rubber Co. organization 

 for a period of ten years, first 

 in the credit department at Ak- 

 ron, and later as Chicago dis- 

 trict manager. He then went to 

 the Federal Rubber Co., Mil- 

 waukee, Wisconsin, as general 

 sales manager, after two years 

 going to the Continental Caout- 

 chouc Co. in a similar capacity, and on its absorption by the 

 United States Tire Co. was appointed assistant general sales 

 manager of the latter company, followed in 1916 by promotion 

 to general branch sales manager, from which office he resigned 

 to join the Kenyon forces. He is also vice-president of the 

 nryden Rubber Co., Chicago. 



This experience in tire merchandising, covering more than 

 twenty years, and an extensive acquaintance in the trade, should 

 l)e an invaluable asset in introducing Kenyon cord tires and tubes 

 to the Middle West. 



Mr. Tweedy is a member of various Masonic bodies, B. P. O. 

 Klks, Chicago, Detroit and New York Athletic clubs, Siwanoy 

 Country Club, Lambs' Club, and International Sporting Club. 



.S. T\\ FEDS'. 



