Stowell.] 1^ [Nov. 5, 



nerve, with the otic through the small petrosal, and with the suhmaxillary 

 through the chorda tympani ; it is joined by a considerable fascicle from 

 the auditory nerve near the ectal origin (this is the origin of the chorda 

 tympani, according to Sapolini), by a branch from the glosso-pharyngeal 

 and the vagus nerves ; it anastomoses with the superficial cervical and the 

 minor occipital nerves. It is not given to the temporal muscles, although 

 its terminal filaments form dense plexuses upon their ectal surfaces. 



Physiological Characters. — This nerve controls facial expression, the 

 movements of the ectal ear and the auditory ossicles ; it has a direct action 

 upon the salivary glands. (Sapolini ascribes speech to the chorda tym- 

 pani, and thinks that the further action of the facial nerve upon the 

 tongue is to govern its movements in deglutition). I do not know that its 

 action upon the auditory nerve has been demonstrated. Its anatomical 

 relations suggest a modifying influence upon the trigeminus, the glosso- 

 pharyngeal and the vagus nerves. 



SPECIAL DESCRIPTION. 



Proximate Roots. — The union of the proximate roots of the facial nerve 

 may be traced along the ventrimesal border of the sensory root of the tri- 

 geminus nerve caudad of the pons. 



Tke dorsal root bends around the caudal root of the trigeminus, crosses 

 its lateral and dorsal faces, and enters the cerebellum with the medipe- 

 duncle. 



Tke cephalic root is ventrad of the caudal root of the trigeminus and 

 caudad of the medipeduncle ; a portion is reflected dorsad to the cerebel- 

 lum with the prepeduncle ; the larger portion dips into the floor of the 

 epiccele, and may be traced cephalad to the region of the post optici. 



The caudal root separates from the cephalic as it passes ventrad of the 

 root of the trigeminus ; it lies ventrad of the caudal root of the trige- 

 minus, and passes obliquely meso-caudad to the floor of the metacoele. 



Ectal Origin and Entocranial Relations. — The facial nerve takes its 

 ectal origin from the latero-cephalic border of the trapezium, meso-ceph- 

 alad of the auditory nerve (27, Figs. 1, 2 ; 34, Fig. 116, and PI. II, Fig. 3). 

 The distribution of the cerebellar artery is such that the ectal origin is 

 surrounded by arterioles ; a small twig from the medicerebellar artery 

 (D ) and a venule pass between this nerve and the auditory. 



Tlie ento-cranial course is laterad with the auditorj'^ nerve ; it traverses 

 the ental meatus auditorius with that nerve, its position being dorsad. 



Just ectad of the arteriole which separates the facial and the auditory 

 nerves a small ramus apparently unites these nerve trunks, or rather is an 

 accession to tlie facial nerve. Is this the intermediary nerve of Wrisberg 

 {portio inter duram et mollem) 1 Sapolini maintains that in man this is the 

 origin of the chorda tympani, which he names the thirteenth cranial 

 nerve. He traced this nerve to the geniculate ganglion, and found that 

 the nerve of Wrisberg and the chorda tympani were one and the same 

 nerve. (From a resume of Sapolini's monograph by Dr. Burnett, pub- 



