17 



1886.] -•- ' [Stowell. 



buccal nerve (trigeminus) by the buccal branch ; with the auriculo tem- 

 poral (tripcminus) by the infraorbital branch ; with the supraorbital 

 nerve (trigeminus) by the malar branch ; with the supra-orbital and 

 auriculo-tcmporal by the temporal branch ; with the great auricular nerve 

 (spinal) by the auricular branch ; with the small occipital nerve (spinal) 

 by the occipital branch. 



There seems to be no anatomical relation between the facial nerve and 

 the masseter muscle, although the nerve ramuli make a complex network 

 over the ectal surface of the muscle. 



Physiological. 



The facial is the motor nerve of the face ; it excites contractility in the 

 muscles of the middle ear, the ectal car (except M. attolens aurem), the 

 cheeks, the scalp, the lips, the nostrils, the eyelids and the neck (pla- 

 tysma). Through the vidian nerve it modifies the movements of the 

 muscles which are controlled by ncms whose immediate origin is the 

 sphenopalatine ganglion. Its action upon the salivary glands through 

 the chorda-tympani is generally accepted ; further investigation may con- 

 firm Sapolini's theory that the choida-tympani controls speech. Its anas- 

 tomotic relations with the branches of the trigeminus suggest that much 

 of the motor function in structures supplied by that nerve may be referred 

 to the facial. It is intimately related with the glosso-pharyngeal and the 

 vagus nerves. Its relation to audition is unknown. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE DIAGRAM. 



The diagram is not drawn to a scale. No attempt has been made tO' 

 represent the nerves in perspective. To secure simplicity, it has been 

 necessary to change the relative proportions and directions of nerves 

 which intersect or lie in planes at considerable inclination 



A., the accession from the auditorj' nerve, the intermediary nerve of 

 Wrisberg and root of the chorda-tympani (Sapolini) ; Ang., the angle in 

 the interosseous trunk ; Aniitr.?, the thin muscle upon theental surface of 

 the ectal ear, which has been provisionally identified as the antitragicus ; 

 Aq., the intercranial trunk in the aqueductus fallopii; Art., the twig from 

 the anterior cerebellar artery which separates the facial and the auditory 

 nerves at their ectal origins ; Attr., the filaments to the M. altrahens 

 aurem; Anr., the anastomotic branch of the petrosal ganglion of the 

 glosso-pharyngeal nerve and to the jugular ganglion of the vagus ; Au- 

 ricular, the auricular division of the post-auricular nerve ; Au)'. Ect., the 

 ectal ear ; Cerv., the anastomotic filament to the superficial cervical 

 nerve; Ch., the chorda tympani ; Cheek, filaments to the muscle ectad 

 of the parotid gland ; Crv. fac, the cervico- facial division of the facial 

 nerve ; Ctl., the position of the long triangular cartilage at the base of the 

 ectal ear; Dep., filaments to tlie M. depressor anguli oris ; Dep. lab., to 

 the M. depressor labii ventralis ; Dig., the digastric nerve ; Ento-cr., the 

 ento-cranial trunk ; Fm., the position of the small foramina in the carti- 



PROC. AMER. PHILOS. SOC. XXIV. 125. C. PRINTED APRIL 28, 1887. 



