Vaux.] ^^ [Jan. 7, 



States and earned high repute for his conduct of some of the Government 

 cases. He learned rapidly the science of the law, and mastered its prac- 

 tical details. 



In 1856 he was named as a candidate for the District Attorneyship of 

 Philadelphia. His reputation had grown, his professional standing was 

 assured. 



In 1857 he was nominated for Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ot 

 Philadelphia County, and elected, and in November, 1857, took his seat 

 on the Bench. His term of ten years expired in 1867, and he was re- 

 elected. 



By the Constitution of the State of Pennsylvania, which was amended 

 in the year 1873, the Courts of the County of Philadelphia were reorgan- 

 ized. By this organic law, four Courts of Common Pleas were established. 

 Each had a President Judge and two Associates. Judge Ludlow became 

 President Judge of Court of Common Pleas, No. 3. 



In 1877 Judge Ludlow was again elected without opposition. He held 

 that position until his death. His judicial life began in 1857, and ended, 

 by his death, in 1886. Thirty years of judicial labor was the training he 

 received. He gained the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. 

 They appreciated his honesty, impartiality, his courage and his learning. 



As a .ludge, his reputation was substantial. In the law and equity 

 sides of the Court he was admittedly a safe and conservative adminis- 

 trator of the high trust conferred on him. His conscientiousness was 

 proverbial. He possessed and developed tlie highest courage in the im- 

 partiality with which he adjudged the questions he was called upon to 

 determine. It may be said he died the victim of continuous, conscientious 

 labors. He investigated and examined, and came to his conclusions after 

 patient study of the law involved in the decisions of those cases, the 

 importance of which made severe demands on his time. He took nothing 

 for granted. He believed his duty required his best efforts, and was not 

 satisfied tiiat errors inconsiderately made might be possibly corrected in 

 a court of review. 



It may be said of Judge Ludlow, that in dealing with the science of the 

 criminal law he became an authority in this counlr}\ His tastes led him 

 to study physiology and psychology. To facilitate his labor he attended 

 the lectures in the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania. 

 He therefore became well informed in medical science. In administer- 

 ing the criminal law, his opinions were regarded as a settlement of those 

 principles in which a knowledge of these sciences was necessarily in- 

 volved. 



It became a professional fashion to plead insanity to indictments for 

 murder. Tlie first tentative efforts to introduce this defence seem. t^-. have 

 been so successful as to encourage its adoption. The Courts, lenning to 

 the doubt as to the mental condition of the accused when put in issue on 

 a trial, created a demand for medical evidence in support of this plea. 



