1887.1 '*^ [Stevensou. 



Sinking Creek anticlinals, but it does not extend so far westward as Butte 

 mountain, for the Sinking Creek anticlinal attains its maximum at a little 

 way eastward from Xew river and Medina does not cross it until very near 

 the easterly line of Giles county. This fold is crossed by the Salt Pond 

 and Newport road at barely two-thirds of a mile north from Sinking 

 creek. 



For the most part the dips in the synclinals are not very abrupt ; but 

 the "Wilderness" road in crossing the Pearisburg synclinal shows 

 Chemung with fifty degrees northerly, and almost vertical southerly dip. 

 Northward the dip diminishes, for in Rocky gap through Wolf Creek 

 mountain the Medina shows only twenty-six degrees. Further eastward 

 in this trough, at the end of Butte mountain, the calcareous shales of the 

 Trenton have been thrown into numerous and very narrow flexures. A 

 similar condition exists in the Salt Pond synclinal on the Salt Pond and 

 Newport road where some of the petty folds show distinct faults. 



The effects produced by the Saltville fault in cutting across the south- 

 erly slope of the anticlinals are shown by the map. As the Burk's Garden 

 anticlinal diminishes, the width of the Lower Carboniferous area increases, 

 so that at Sharon Springs the Umbral red shales appear ; but as the Kim- 

 berling anticlinal increases, the width diminishes and the whole of the 

 Lower Carboniferous is finally lost in the fault near the Giles county line. 

 Devonian, Upper Silurian and the upper beds of the Lower Silurian are 

 cut off quickly at a little way further east under the added influence of the 

 Sinking Creek anticlinal and of erosion by Walker's creek and New river, 

 so that for several miles east and west from Poplar hill, the fault is in 

 Knox limestone. Thence north-eastwardly to the county line, Medina is 

 found on the northerly side of the fault, except at New River gap and for 

 a few miles on each side of Sinking Creek gap, where erosion has cut away 

 both Medina and Hudson. 



Knox limestone is continuous on the southerly side of the Saltville fault 

 from the Smyth county line to the end of Giles county. It is in contact with 

 Lower Carboniferous in Bland, with Chemung, Hamilton, Clinton, 

 Medina, Hudson, Trenton and Knox within eight miles eastward from the 

 line of Giles county ; and with Medina, Hudson or Trenton, according to 

 extent of erosion, thence to the end of the region examined. The rela- 

 tions are shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7, which are merely diagrams, not 

 actual measured sections. 



The Elk Garden Anticlinal and Wolf Creek Faults. 



The Elk Garden anticlinal of Russell and Tazewell counties gives rise 

 to the Copper Creek fault in western Russell. The anticlinal continues in 

 eastern Tazewell between Wolf Creek and East River mountains to within 

 less than four miles of the Bland county line ; but at some place between 

 that and two miles west from Rocky gap in Bland county it gives rise to a 

 double fault, the Wenonah, which was followed to within eight miles of 

 the Craig county line. Another fault, that of Buckhorn mountain, origi- 



PROC. AMER. PHILOS. SOC. XXIV. 125. J. PRINTED APRIL 30, 1887. 



