Stevenson.] -*-^'J [March 18, 



and shales containing a thin coal bed. These have been thrown into 

 petty folds and the coal bed has been the chiet sufferer. It has been 

 squeezed beyond recognition as a bed and the coal is laminated ; but the 

 lamination, unlike slatj' cleavage, is rudely parallel to the plane of bedding. 



The rock exposure ends abruptly midway in this cut and thence to the 

 end, fully one-eighth of a mile, the material is a loose incoherent mass of 

 clay and sand, loaded with fragments of sandstone, chert and a little lime- 

 stone, all of the fragments being angular. This accumulation bears much 

 resemblance to those containing "wash ores" in Bedford county of Penn- 

 sylvania. The limestone at the top of the Vespertine is shown in this cut 

 very near the beginning of the rubbish. 



The next cut shows the Vespertine rocks with a thin coal bed and with 

 gentle dip. Some prospecting pits were sunk on the Clark property in 

 search of coal, and, according to the report made to the writer, coal of 

 fairly good quality was found in quantity to repay working ; but no at- 

 tempt to utilize the deposit has been made. The coal in the cut is too thin 

 to be of any value, but the Hon. J. S. Draper states that beds of worka- 

 ble thickness occur on his property at a little way south. 



It is sufficiently clear that the Max Meadows fault is crossed at not far 

 from three and a half miles from Max Meadows, and that the red shales in 

 the cut west from Clark's summit belong to the Lower Carboniferous. 



Vespertine sandstones remain in sight to the Bertha Zinc Works, just 

 west from Pulaski. Near the 86th milepost, or somewhat more than six 

 miles east from Max Meadows, the blue sandstone is reached. This hand- 

 some stone has been quarried for building purposes ; it has been used 

 largely in railway masonry, and is the stone of which the IVJaple Shade 

 Inn at Pulaski has been built. The rock is blue, fine-grained, cross-bedded 

 and breaks with a conchoidal fracture. Where first seen it is exposed to a 

 thickness of about twenty -five feet and contains many rounded balls of 

 red clay or red shale scattered throughout the mass of the rock. The 

 lower layer is less coarse but contains small pebbles of quartz and sand- 

 stone. No fossils were observed at any of the exposures. 



This rock is shown along the railroad and Peak creek, forming bluffs 

 alongside of the creek, and being quarried at several places on the rail- 

 way. The thickness is not less than forty feet. Underlying it are shales 

 and sandstones, the shales drab, gray to red, while the sandstone very 

 closely resembles the more massive beds above. Some fucoids were seen 

 in the red shales, but no other forms were observed. 



The synclinal between Peak hills and Draper's mountain is crossed by 

 the railroad at the tunnel near the second bridge over Peak creek, where 

 the north-westward dip is twelve degrees. The sandstones of the group 

 form a line of hills south from the railroad which are distinct from near 

 Clark's summit to certainly two miles beyond Pulaski. The railroad runs 

 on the easterly side of the synclinal to the Zinc Works. Between those 

 works and the station passes the Pulaski fault, which brings the Vesper- 

 tine into contact with almost the lowest bed of the Knox limestones. 



