1887.] iUd [Stevenson, 



diminished in strength and the Potsdam sandstone makes little showing 

 along this road. That rock evidently extends to near Peak creek and the 

 limestone on the north side of the Pulaski fault must be in contact with it 

 near the creek. 



Where the road reaches the pike, Knox shales are shown at the roadside 

 with almost vertical dip. For the most part they are red, weathering 

 dark brown and covered with lichens. "With these are some yellow and 

 blue shales, and streaks of impure limestone. The shales continue along 

 the pike to beyond Peak creek^ where one crosses the Draper mountain 

 fault and comes again to the Knox limestones. An anticlinal was observed 

 in Newbern, the county seat of Pulaski county. Thence to half a mile 

 north from Dublin the limestones are dipping northwardly. 



But a little more than half a mile north from Dublin, exposures practi- 

 cally cease and thence almost to Back creek very little is shown. The 

 whole space is an old erosion plane and the bedded rocks are con- 

 cealed under a deep cover of debris. The few imperfect exposures show 

 only shales, which are dipping southwardly. These belong to the lower 

 part of the Knox limestone and are the same with those exposed on the 

 valley pike, east from the Pulaski road. Limestones are reached near Back 

 creek and continue to perhaps half a mile or more north from that stream. 

 The beds appear to be wholly without fossils, but their relations are clear 

 enough and they belong to the lower part of the Knox limestone. The 

 lowest bed js the dark limestone carrying veins and geodes of white spar, 

 which is exposed for a long distance on the Valley pike, east from Reed 

 creek. 



After crossing Back creek, the road begins to ascend Cloyd's or Little 

 "Walker mountain and exposures are good. A great thickness of red 

 shales comes immediately behind the geodal limestone and some of the 

 upper beds are very like those of the Knox shale ; but shales of very 

 different character are soon reached, which belong to the Lower Carbonif- 

 erous, to the Umbral period. The Vespertine or coal-bearing division is 

 reached at a short distance below the Jennell place, where one of the beds 

 has been mined to some extent. The blossoms of four beds are shown in 

 the roadside, above the Jennell house, within a vertical distance of about 

 115 feet. The upper beds are not more than three or four inches thick, 

 but the second is almost nine feet from rock to rock. It is said to contain 

 one foot of good coal at the bottom, while the rest of the interval is occu- 

 pied by alternating thin layers of coal and shale. The lowest bed is from 

 two feet to two feet six inches thick, and is said to yield very good coal. 

 This is said to be the bed worked by Mr. J. H. Tyler, two miles east from 

 this road. That mine was not visited. The interval between the two beds 

 at the roadside is about fifteen feet and is filled mostly with sandstone. 



The lowest bed of the Vespertine is a gray sandstone, well-shown at 

 the roadside. The passage to the Chemung is imperceptible through con- 

 cretionary sandstone and shale, undoubted Chemung being reached in a 

 fossiliferous sandstone containing Chonetes and other forms which are not 



