Piickard.] 



268 



[Sept. 2, 



In the Mallophaga they are excessively so, there being, if we accept 

 <xrosse's statement, apparently no palpi, and the maxilla being reduced to 

 a pair of minute conical appendages, divided into two segments. After 

 careful examination, Grosse says that he has never been able to find the 

 palpi of the first maxillse which Nitzsch ascribed to the Liotheidae.* 



The labium or second maxillae of the Liotheidse, as described and fig- 

 ured by Grosse (Fig. 8), consists of two parts united by a transverse fold. 

 To the mentum are attached the four-jointed labial palpi. In front of the 

 mentuni is the ligula or glossa (</). In all Liotheidse, the interna of the 

 ventral end of the oral cavity forms a fold like duplicature, forming the 

 hypopharynx, Fig. 2 Tiy. In Laemobothrium and Tetrophthalraus this 

 extends forward over the labium, and its lateral borders are strongly 

 bent upwards (Figs. 1, 8 %y). 



rmx- 



Fig. 1.— Under side of head of Lsemobothriiun. X 30. 



Fig. 2.— Median section through head of GoHforfes dissimilis. X 60. 



The two-joinfed organs on the sides of the tongue or ligula are called 

 paraglossge by Grosse (Figs. 7, 8, 9 p). In Nirmus and other Philop- 

 teridaj there are no labial palpi, the paraglossa^ persisting (Fig. 7). 



If we now compare the mouth-parts of the Mallophaga with those of 

 the Platyptera we shall find a more or less close homology. In the first 

 place the ligula appears as in the latter forms (Termes and Perlida?), to 

 be divided, as in Liotheidse, into four lobes, while the outer pair of lobes, 

 the paraglossiB, are usua ly, if not always, present, even when the labial 



* Nitzsch figures them in Tnnotum conspiircatum, but this can scarcely be correct, for he 

 places the four-jointed papillse on the blade near its anterior border. In Tetrophthalraus 

 the palps belong, not to the first, but to the second maxillsc. The same is true of Menopon 

 pallidum, Colpoccphalum zebra, a Laemobothrium and a Triuotum, and probably is the 

 case with all the genera and species. McCloskey's Transl. 



