Briuton.] "^ [April 19, 



B.C. 



2350. The Elamites, uader Cliedar-laomer, enter Palesliae and are de- 

 feated. 



2250. Rim Sin, last king of Suraer and Accad. 



22i0. Chammurabi expels the Elamites and rules both north and south 

 Babylonia. 



1730 to 1140. A dynasty of Kashite kings rules at Babylon. 



1350. Babylonia is conquered and reduced to a tributary by the Assyrians. 



No one can glance over this table without being impressed 

 with the long and close connection which the Elamitic and 

 Kashitic tribes had with the Bab^donian Semites. This must 

 have left deep ethnic traces on all three stocks. 



The Anatolians (Hittites). 



The region included in Cappadocia, Galatia, Cilicia and west- 

 ern Armenia was known to the Babylonians from very early 

 times as mat Hatte^ " the land of the Hittites," a people who 

 bore the same name in the Egyptian documents, Beta* They 

 were non- Semitic, but their precise affiliations have not yei been 

 decided. They had a syllabic, hieroglyphic writing, which 

 probably arose in Cilicia,'}' and which has been in part inter- 

 preted, but not yet sufficiently for extended comparison. 



It is almost certain that the same people extended westward 

 through Lycaonia, Pisidia, Lycia, Caria and Lydia;| that is, 

 along the whole south coast of Asia Minor to the ^Egean sea, 

 and northward to the boundaries of Phrygia and Mysia, which 

 were inhabited by tribes of Hellenic origin. 



This southern family has been pronounced by Sayce to be of 

 " Mongolian " connections ; by Hommel and also at times by 

 Sayce to be " Alarodian," i. e., Georgian ; by Pauli and Toma- 

 schek to be a wholly independent linguistic stock, to which the 



*The earliest reference to the Hittites in the annals of Mesopotamia is to a conquest of 

 Akkad by ''the king of 'Hatti" (or 'Hati), about 3S00 B.C. See authorities quoted by de 

 Morgan, Mission Scieiitifique au Caucase, p. 193. This author believes that about 4000 B.C. 

 the "allophyllic white stock," i. e., the Caucasic peoples, overran much of western Asia. 

 Ibid., p. 197. 



t Dr. W. Max Muller claims that it certainly did. Asiat tind Europa, etc., p. 3i0. 



];Tlie Philistines who invaded Palestine towards the close of the second millennium 

 B.C. quite certainly belonged to this stock, and not to the Cretans, as has lately been re- 

 asserted by Mr. Arthur J. Evaus (I'mc. Brit. Soc. Adr. of Science, 1891, p. "TO. Compare 

 Dr. W. M. Muller, u. s , p. 3S7, S77.). There were never any Hittites proper (/. c, from 

 Cappadocia) settled in Palestine. The Orontes marked their furthest soutliern limit. 

 Ibid., p. 221^ 



