AHOUKilXAL AYORKSHOPS ETHEHIDCiK AND WHITKLEGiiE. 235 



had only left tlie ground a few minutes before. In fact this was 

 an abf)riginal " workshop " from which the workers may have 

 disappeared liunfh-eds of years ago. 



After a thorough survey of the ground all the smaller instru- 

 ments available were carefully collected, the larger heavy instru- 

 ments being gatliered aiul duly interred to be attended toon some 

 future occasion. The weapons collected were very valuable, 

 inclucHng tomahawks, grindstones, a nose ornament, knives, 

 scrapers, gravers, drills, and spear points such as were used for 

 fighting or "death" spears, and lastly a very peculiar lancet-like 

 surgical knife or scarificator. The latter is one of the most 

 interesting of tlie finds inasnuich as instruments of the same 

 shape liave been found in America, India, England, and Ireland, 

 and in tlie latter country they were met with on the tops of the 

 sandhills just as we saw them at Maroubra and Bondi. 



The "• workshops " at Bondi were far more extensive than those 

 at Maroubra, the whole length of the back of the beach was more 

 or less covered with tons of stones, all of which had been taken 

 there and put to some use. In the centre of the beach there was 

 a kind of delta upon wliicli the coarser materials were deposited, 

 the sand having been washed ciway on this area ; thousands of 

 implements, whicla had evidently been used, were found, and chips 

 or flakes were few and far between. For many months the 

 original ground at Maroubra, and also the more extended area at 

 Bondi, yielded an al)undance of implements and at each visit we 

 invariably returned with as much as we could carry. Unfor- 

 tunately tilt; new road across Bondi has now covered most of the 

 sites that afforded the best ground for collecting. Still there are a 

 few patches left at Bondi, which after certain gales would be well 

 worth visiting ; the same remarks apply equally well to Maroubra 

 and other places. 



The workshops exposed at Rocklily, Dee Why, and other 

 places north of Manly, are very small and patchy, the northern 

 end of Curl Curl Beach is generally good ground to collect on 

 after a strong north-east wind, but otherwise there is scarcely 

 anything but sand. During our researches one of us (T.W.) 

 visited Newcastle, but with little result ; the most likely place on 

 this extensive beach would be the end of (Stockton Beach towards 

 Port Stephens. 



A few stone implements were found at Botany Bay and at 

 Kurnell, but there does not appear to be any extensive accumu- 

 lations at these i)laces. The northern end of Cronulla Beach is 



