ABORICIXAL WORKSHOPS — ETHERIDOE AND AVHITELF.fiGE. 241 



Considering the similarity of these instruments, hotli as to 

 their uniformity in general shape, Haking and lithological cha- 

 racters, it may be inferred that they were used as surgical lancets, 

 and in the hands of a skilful medicine man might be used for 

 purposes other than those enumerated above, such as " crimping " 

 the skin of the arms, chest and back, to form the numerous 

 cicatrices so frequently seen on the bodies of the Australian 

 Aborigines. 



A large tiaked-back knife is figured by Sir John Evans,- from 

 Australia, which diifers little from the smaller instruments, the 

 only points of difference being the size and the convex cutting edge, 

 which is rarely the case in those lierein described. The knife 

 may be more useful in producing the larger cicatrices, but the 

 smallest kind might also be employed for the lesser tribal marks, 

 etc. 



Very similar olijects have been found in Britain, although of 

 rather larger size. Evans" figures four, two of which at least, from 

 Newhaven and Seaford, respectively, are very like indeed. Rather 

 similar chips are also tigui-ed by Brough Smyth^" as used for this 

 purpose. We are informed by Mr. E. Bonney'' that in the 

 Bungyarlee and Parkungi tribes of the Darling River, stone chips 

 called carnee moolee were actually used to produce the cicatrices, 

 or raised scars, known to these tribesmen as nincka ; other 

 similar references could be given. 



No. TI. — Plate xlii.. Group 1. 



The second group contains many knives of various shapes and 

 sizes, some of which are neatly flaked or chipped, so as to produce 

 a fine sharp edge, but the majority were flaked from the core in 

 such a perfect condition as to cutting edge, that secondary 

 chipping was not required, and were evidently satisfactory to the 

 maker. 



No. IIT. — Plate xliv.. Group 5. 



Large series of implements, probably scrapers of a peculiar 

 pattern were obtained, which are invariably carefully chipped on 

 one or both surfaces ; they are more or less lenticular in sliape and 



** Eviuis — AiU'ic'iit Stone Iiiiploiuents, Weajioiis and Ornament [< of Great 



Britain, 1872, ]). 264, f. 198. 

 » Evans -io^. cit., p. 251, figs. 190-198. 

 10 Brough Sni_vtli--Lof. cit., i., p. 381, figs. 2()8-9. 

 1' Bonnev Jourii. Antliroji. In>t., xiii.. 1SS4, ]i. 12(). 



