1897.] ASHLEY — GEOLOGY OF ARKANSAS. 315 



South of the Chalybeate mountain is a well-marked valley, known 

 as the Chalybeate valley. This is wedge-shaped, with the point 

 at Antoine creek in 6 S., 23 W., section 34, widening out to the 

 east between the Chalybeate mountain and the high ridges in the 

 north tier of sections of 7 S. At the eastern end it opens out 

 and merges into the flat country in that direction. Its principal 

 streams are those forming the head waters of the Terre Noir. 



Caney Folk valley is an east and west valley a little further south. 

 Starting from the head of Caney Fork of Antoine creek, 7 S., 24 

 AV., section 7, it runs east, becoming lost in the level country north 

 of Hollywood. From west to east it is bounded on the north by Wall 

 mountain. Straight mountain and the ridges south of the Chaly- 

 beate valley, and on the south by the high east and west ridges 

 which form the north edge of the old base level in the centre of 7 

 S., 21-24 W. It is followed all the way by the Arkadelphia-Mur- 

 freesboro road. In the area covered by the western sheet no such 

 marked valleys occur. There are, however, a few belts, sometimes 

 of indefinite limits and extent. They generally represent major 

 anticlines, on which may be several minor anticlines. In these 

 ■cases the folding as a whole is such that shales have been quite 

 freely exposed, and it is along these belts that the land has been 

 taken up and in which most of the settlements occur, so much so 

 that, if the land under cultivation were indicated on the map, it 

 would quite fairly outline these structural features as previously sug- 

 gested. 



Such a belt usually occurs just south of the novaculite ridges, 

 as between Warm Spring and Brooks mountains on the north and 

 Pine mountain on the south. It is indicated by the post-offices: 

 Rock Creek, Wilson, Lodi, Langley, Port Logan and Ethridge. 

 This is but an extension of the Rock Creek valley above mentioned. 



The Antoine valley extension of the Caddo valley runs north 

 •of the Bear mountains and the Pine mountain in 6 S. To the north 

 it extends toward the Pine mountain south of Rock creek. In the 

 western part of 6 S., 27 W., the western extension of this valley is 

 joined by a continuation of Woodall valley and then runs a little 

 south of west. It is bordered on the north by White Oak creek 

 and Silver Hill anticlinal axes, and on the south by Blue Ridge 

 anticlinal axis and Cave Creek anticlinal axis. This belt follows 

 the structure and shows the same lithological characters over the 

 whole distance ; in fact the same as those alon^ the same strike to 



