1897.1 DRAKE — THE GEOLOGY OF INDIAN TERRITORY. 387 



The Pawnee limestone outcrop on the east side of the courthouse 

 grounds at Pawnee consists of three to four feet of hard evenly tex- 

 tured, tough, bluish gray limestone underlain by five to six feet of 

 yellowish blue marls. Both the limestone and marls are rich in 

 fossils. The Pawhuska limestone bed which outcrops in the bed 

 of a creek half a mile northeast of Pawnee at an elevation of about 

 one hundred feet below the Pawnee limestone, is, at this place, 

 about five feet thick ; the lower three feet is hard and massive, 

 while the upper part of the bed is friable. FusulincB are very abun- 

 dant in this bed. 



Four miles south of Ralston in the banks of Coal creek there is a 

 three to five-inch bed of coal which appears to be below the Pawnee 

 limestone. The following section was compiled from exposures of 

 an escarpment facing the Arkansas river valley at a point about two 

 miles southeast of Ralston. 



FEET. 



1. Light gray and yellowish weathering sand- 



stone 15 



2. Gray clay shale 4 



3. Nodular gray limestone (Pawnee limestone?). 3 



4. Red clays and light gray shaly sandstones. . . 100 



5. Pawhuska (?) limestone 5 



The Pawhuska limestone outcrops along the Gray Horse-Paw- 

 huska road at every creek crossing for seven to eight miles from 

 Gray Horse, and also about five miles southwest of Pawhuska. At 

 the latter place it is about ten feet thick, unevenly textured, gray in 

 color, and underlain by yellowish and bluish clays. A section of 

 the strata in the vicinity of Pawhuska is about as follows : 



FEET. 



1 . Blue and red clays , at top. 



2. Pawhuska limestone 10 



3. Clay shale ...... ■ 50 



4. Sandstone 50 



5. Clay shale 150 



6. Sandstones at base. 



This limestone outcrop forms a little escarpment facing east and 

 running north about two miles west of Pawhuska, while the first 

 sandstone bed below the limestone cap the buttes and escarpments 

 around the village. 



