ikton. 



39 



llii/fanocssa lomjicaudata, Kkhyei!. 

 Witli tow-iiets, tliis species has only been eaui^lit at tlio follo- 

 viim- places: — 



'•V) 18!)9. The Vest Fiord 1. (> loii ni. rr 



7s — I'rc I, 0- 100 ni., (I •_' n. rr 



My specimens were it) li' mm. Uiiil;. 

 On Naxskn's Frnm-expedition siiiijle spciimciis were taken at 

 four difterent places in tiie Airtic Ocean; ami Sai.'s mentions the 

 Varanger Fiord and tlie i<ea between Norway and .Ian ^layen 

 (Xorw. North Atl. Kxped.) as otiier places where it has been found. 

 Aeeordini; to Noh.man') this species together with Nijctiphanes 

 iiornyica was ,,trown up in enormous quantity in St. Andrew's Bay, 

 April •22nd ISSll". It is also known from Greenland (Hansen) 

 and P. T. Clivk-') has i;iven a list of places where it has been 

 t'oiiiiil ill recent years from 48" — (>7" N. 



^(jrcoiiiyaid arctica. Ivuovkh. 



As far as 1 know, this is the tirst time this species has been 

 inckideil in any account of plankton organisms. 



There can. however, hardly be any room for doubt that it has 

 planktonic habits, as it has several times been taken by townetting'. 

 As, for instance on 

 '^4 1S99 in the Malani;- Fd.. 300 -3S0 m. rr 



From the western tiords of Norway 1 have noted the follo- 

 wini;': — 



-77 1898. The Herlo Fiord, in the stomach of J\Jacruni!< rupestris -\- 

 'Vio — The Herlo Fd.. 0—400 m. tow-net rr 



'V, 1901. The Herlo Fd., 0—400 m. — rr 



•-Vii 1902. Fiord off Bergen, 250—450 m. — rr 



This species, which was tirst described by Kkoyee as being 

 found in Greenland, has by G. O. Saks been taken in the Kristi- 

 ania. Hardanger and Vest Fiords. 



It has not yet been observed on the British Coasts. 



Hi'mimi/sis alnjssicola, G. O. SArs. 



This species also seems to be a bathy-planktonic organism, 

 it was at any rate found in the tow-net on ^2 1^99 in the deep 

 off Trano, — 630 m. ; both as adtilta and jnniores. 



In the western tiords it has never been seen in plankton but 

 has been found in considerable quantity in the stomach of Macnirus 

 iKjiestris from the Herlo Fiord, 'Vt 1898. Boreomysw arctica was 

 also found in the same place. 



G. 0. Sars has taken this oi'ganism in the Kristiania and 

 Hardanger Fiords and at Lofoten. It has not yet been included in 

 the British fauna.") Nukman has caught it in the Trondhjem Fiord. 



Ei;t;s and Larv:e of Schiiopoila. 



As the Schuopoila i)Iay such a vei-y important part in the 



economy of the northern seas, I will mention some observations 

 made in the northern tiords. 



'74, '74 1899. The Malang Fd., 0— 3 ra. + 



'-'74 — Ingo 0—300 m. r 



"/4 — The Porsanger Fd., 0— 75 m. r 



Vs — Vardø, 0—200 m. c 



1) British Scliizopoda, p. 463. 



-I Th.' 8.-as..nal Distribution of Atlantic Plankton Or^'auisnis, p. 31, 32. 

 ^J C£. NoRMA.\, On British Mysidæ, p. 146. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 6, 

 vol. X. 



1900. The Østnes Fd.. 130 m. + 



- 4 Tlie Skjei-stad Fd.. o 330 m. -|- 



The Feiden Fd.. 100 m. r 



The majority ef lliese |ii'(iliaiily beloni^cd tn the species Borro- 

 liliaiisi(( 'uicrmif^. 



Cumacea. 



I'.-cudiiciiiiia l(iii(iic iiiiis. SI'. j'.A-n;. 



Uii '■"■'/: I'S97 1 not a specimen of this sjiecies in the liarbour 

 at Hrettesnes in Lofoten, the animal was swimmiiiL;- ahunt on the 

 surface. 



T. Scott'- has on the other hand, several times caught it by 

 tow-netting in the T'lrth of Foith. SeAiuiE-ScHNEiDEU has observed 

 this species at Ililleso in the Malaui; Fiord, which is the northein 

 limit for it. 



With I'egard to its disti'ibutioii cf. Di'. ('.\ni, Zi.m.mku.-j 



Amphipoda. 

 ['ardUti-misto ohllcia. Kriivek. 



This species is also, -w-ithout doubt, one of the important orga- 

 nisms in the economy of the sea. 1 have specimens from a great 

 many stations both in the northern tiords and on the west coast 

 of NorAvay. Is is distributed from Greenland {Kr()Yek, Hansen) 

 to 45" N. 50" W. (Cleve)') and from Arctic Ocean, where it was 

 taken by Nansen at 12 different stations, to The British Isles. 

 AuEiviLLius has found this species in the Skagerack, but it has 

 not up to the present time been noticed in the fiords of Sweden 

 and southern Norway. The most southerly place at which I have 

 taken this species was off Stavanger (58° 59' N. 5" 21' W.l. where 

 I found juiiiores in plankton on 7-' 1896. 



In the plankton which I had under examination from ..Heim- 

 dals'' section between the Sogne Fiord and Iceland about the middle 

 of May 1896, I constantly came across jnniores from the surface 

 layers, both from the region of the Gulf Stream and in the arctic water. 

 Likewise juniurea and sometimes adidta were observed in the Pudde 

 Fiord (Bergen) from the middle of November 1890 to February 

 1897, 0—8 m. In the plankton material which the seal catcher 

 Capt. H. Andresen collected for the biological station, a consider- 

 able number of P. obliria were found, among them also a large 

 number of jimiorcfi from the sea north of .Ian Mayen (.lune and 

 July 1S97.7 



I'aratliouisto is characterized by 11. H. Gkax'^) as an arctic- 

 oceanic organism, and the same author mentions for instance: — 



„Iin Mai 1901 hatte z. B. P. oMiria von ihrem Verbreitungs- 

 centrum im Eismeere bis zu Lofoten eine zusammenhiingende Ver- 

 breitung an der Oberfiadie." In another i)lace (p. 95) numerous 

 specimens of young Parathemisto are mentioneil in May as one of 

 the tirst appearances of the tlouiishing spring plankton. 



Tn the North Ocean the months of May and June appear to 

 be the most impoi-tant time for the devcloinnent of this species; 

 although I have, on the other hand, obsei-ved young indi\'iduals in 



1) The Distribution of Pelagic Invertebrate Fauna of Firth of Forth, p. 167. 



2) Die arktischen Cumaceen (Fauna arctica), B. I, p. 428. 



3) The Distribution of Atlantic Plankton Organisms, p. 33. 



*) Cf. KOHDGAARD, Contributions to the Hj'drography of the North Ocean. 

 Berg. Mus. Aarb. 1901, No. 2, p. 29. 



5) Das Plankton des norwegischen Nordmeeres. Report on Norwegian Fishery 

 and Marine Investigations. Vol. IT, No. .5, 1902. p. 83. 



