1.-! 



Tlu'sc tables sliow tile (listrihiitidii of this ctiin'iiod in tlic 

 (Icptlis (if the iKirtlin-ii lionls. 'I'lic iiiiinlicr >.tiii,s to reach its 

 iiiaxiiiiimi at a dcptli of .Jou 4i»ii met res, dci-roasiiii; botli at greater 

 ami It'sscr (Icpllis. It is of special interest that jtiniores may be 

 seen in tlu- layei's of water no ileepci' tlian 0- 50 m. (cf. =7,i 1899. 

 Tile 'I'ys Fioril i i. In tills way the sujijily can he replenished in 

 liasiiis which are siiut oil' hy coiiipaiatively hi-li suhmarine ridg'es. 

 It is a matter of importance to he uhle to determine tlie propaga- 

 tintr time for planlitoii organisms, so I will mention some of the 

 observations wliicii I have made and whicii will serve as helps to 

 determine this matter as far as C'. Iii/pcrliori'its is concerned. 



As the foregoing tables show, there are many moi'e females than 

 males. Then ai:ain. at certain times of the year, not a single 

 male is to he seen. It would seem that, exeeiit Just at spawning 

 time, hardly any fully developed males are to be found; or at any 

 rate, only as a very great raiity. In plankton samples from the 

 sea in the neigbourhood of Jan Mayen (-76 1897) I have, for in- 

 stance, found hnndreds of females, bnt not a single male. 



As 1 mentioned previously, the development of spermaphores 

 may he considered as a proof that spawning time has come. 

 Speiiiiaphorcs affixed to the first abdominal segments of females 

 have thus been observed by me in specimens from the following 

 places: — 



'■/o 1899. Tranodybet, 0— ti.Sd m. 

 72 1899. Ofoten II, -iOO— 2oO m. 



1"'. 1899. Oxsund, i.50— 550 m. 



Ill one single instance I have observed that a spermaphore 

 had almost left the spermaphore-duct through its opening on the 

 left side of the first abdominal segment, the fifth leg on the left 

 side being at the same time inclined towards the spermaphore so 

 as to be able to seize it (74 1900. The 8kjerstad Fiord II, 0— 

 180 m.). In several cases I have observed eggs in the oviducts 

 on their way towards the genital segment, and this too is a sure 

 sign that spawning time has come. Dates for such observations are, 

 among others, 'h 1899. Ofoten I; ^'/o 1899 Oxsund; -/i 1900. 

 The Skjerstad Fiord IV. 



The eggs, Avhich lay in a row in the canal leading from the 

 ovary, were of a yellowish colour and were placed like beads on 

 a string. These yellow strings of beads could be seen with the 

 naked eye. 



There is another thiuLi, wliich in all probability has some pur- 

 pose to serve at spawning time. I have noticed at such time, and 

 as far as I remember only then, two red spots on the ventral side 

 of the swollen srenital segment in the females of ('. h//perhoreu>^. 

 If these spots are not .seen at other times, one has every reason 

 to think that they arc intended to serve some special purpose at 

 that particular time, and it is natural to conclude that they are 

 for the guidance of the males, possi])ly ti 

 spermaphores should be deposited. 



>u\ the liords mentioned, so 

 I «lietlier propagation con- 



conclude that they 

 show them were the 



Jlllliorrs 1 



'• .. 1S9'.). 

 -7:i 1899. 

 7.5 1899. 



-"/:, 1900. 



-'-'/:, 1900. 

 '''i lilOO. 



From the forevoiuL:- statements it \ 

 time for ('. hi/inilur' ii.-< in the iKirlherii 

 the months of Februniv. March and .\i 



instance, on 



oiild -eeiii that propagation 

 lioi'ds may be taken to be 

 lil. 1 have no observations 



that 1 am unable 1,, >ay aiiyllilii'.' 

 tiniies after .\prll. 



There Is no doubt thai this aiclle enpepdil iiropagatcs in our 

 tiords. but as ynmiL' hive been found In the iipjier layers (0—50 

 m.) there .seems to lie notliliii.'- unlikely in presuming an inflow, 

 also in those basins whieb are shut olV by submarine ridges. 



I'sr,nl„rnhutn.< rh,n,,(il„s. Uukck. 

 .\ i^laiice at plankton taides will cnnvliiee us that this is one of 



the 111 

 tioi-ds. 



ipepoU 



ikton 



the northern 



It Is easier to determine the propagating time for this species 

 than for the two i)reviously mentioned, as the females carry their 

 eggs affixed to the genital segment. 1 have, however, only a few 

 observations from the northern fiords, as for instance on '"J-i 1900 

 when I saw females with eggs in the Ostnes Fiord and again on 

 74 in the same year in the Skjerstad Floi'd. Hut tVora the skjær- 

 gaard off lierg-en, I have observed such females from Februaiy to 

 the bei;innlnt^' of May. It is jiossible that propagation continues after 

 this time. 



('Ill r id i us aiVHltus, IJoKCK. 



PL II, Fig. 14. 



Amoii!.'- the many samples of plankton from the northern fiords, 

 I have only noted this .species as beiiiM found at tlie following 

 places: — 



7-. 1.S99. Skroven I, 0—380 m. 



^'/2 1899. Oxsund, 450 — 550 ni. 



'74 1899. The Malang Fiord, 0-380 m. 



'74 1899. The Malang Fiord, 200—300 and 300-380 m. 



G. O. Saks') has found this species from the Kristiania Fiord 

 up to the Vest Fiord, which was its noi'thern limit as fai- as was 

 previously known. Now this limit can be extended to the Malang 

 Fiord. 



(.'hiriiliKs li')it(isphius. III. O. Sars. 

 PI. II. Fig. 13. 



Tills arctic copeimd has only once been tbuiul in Norway. I 

 counted every copepod in the samples from Ofoten I (7-' 1899), 

 300—350 m. and found among them only one specimen of this spe- 

 cies, a female 3.5 mm. in length. 



Eiirlincfit noniu/ii-a. I'.dkck. 

 This .species is a giant one among copepoda. I have measured 

 sevei-al specimens of females which have reached a length of 8.3 

 mm. lielow are some particulars which will give an idea of the 

 distribution of 1-J. ii^niyira at various depths. 



■/■■ 1H99. Ofoten 1. 



') ('rusta<-.-;i of Norw: 



