122 



E. Jørgen 



There appear to be about 12 strong radial spines, of the same 

 shape as those of Phorticimn pyloniiim Ch., but protruding much 

 further. They are more or less round, not three edged. 



The outline of the shell in most positions is a broad oval, in 

 a few, almost round. Some optical sections show inner spirals, then 

 a double spiral as in Larcosinra minor, other sections show at 

 least 3 shells one outside the other, perhaps with several chambers 

 (only indistinctly seen). 



On the smaller and simplerer forms (cfr. PI. XI, f. 46, c, d; 

 pi. Xn, f. 46 k, 1), which I have taken to be specimens in an 

 early stage of development, a single central chamber and spiral 

 twists, which appear to form a snail spiral, may be seen. 



On the whole it seems to me at present, that this species 

 may best be placed in the genus Strehlacanfha Hck.. though it may 

 prove not to belong to this genus either. 



The outer shell shows a more or less irregular structure and 

 vei-y uneven pores, from rather small to large ones and large holes. 

 On the outside of larger imore developed) forms there are also more 

 or less well developed byspines, very various as regards length and 

 development, from small subulate ones with a rather wide base, to 

 long, narrow needles. When more developed, these byspines are 

 more or less connected through fine branches to an outer, spongy 

 case immediately outside the outer shell. This spongy case is, 

 however, rarely much developed, and seems then to be confined to 

 ■ — or at any rate most developed at — the one end of the shell. 

 Cfr. also JoEGENSEK 1. e. 



Rare, and generally only singly, the small, younger individuals 

 rather more frequent: The Vest Fiord 1, "A, 0—180 m.; Hen- 

 ningsvær, "A, 0—180 m.; the sea off Gaukværo, 'Vi, 0—700 m.; 

 Skroven, V2, 0—300 m., */■:, 350—300 m., V4, 0—150 m.: The 

 Eaftsund, ■' 2. 0— 26n ni.; Tlie Tys Fiord I. "Vm, 0—700 m. 



YII B. Aeanthaiia. 



Of this group there were only exceptionally small forms with 

 skeletons which seemed to be quite in the wi-ong place and were, 

 on tlie whole, very imperfectly developed. 



Acanthoma echinoklef; too, which is frequent on the coasts of 

 Nor^\•ay during the summer, was entirely absent. 



I have only entered a peculiar form Avithout any skeleton, 

 whicli does not seem, up to the present, to have been met with 

 anvwherc else. 



Hailio>>|»li:cra n. <,'eu. 



I have several times, but only in conserved material, come 

 across an organism which appears to be a skeleton-less radio- 

 laria of the division Aeantharia. It possesses, namely, the peculiar 

 ])lasma products which Haeckel calls myophrisca, and wiiich he 

 describes as characteristic of this group. 



For this species, I have had to coin a new iianic and have 

 ■called the genus Radiosphæra. 



R. anacantliica JiiRc. n. »p. 

 (I'l. XVU, fi.;. 105, lOfi). 



Central capsule sjjlierical, filled with numerous small and lai-ge 

 balls (alveoli?) the majority, small. Spines and skeleton wanting. 

 Kegularly distributed outside the central capsule, there are several 



bundles of myophrisca, probably 20 in number. They are short, 

 linear, rather glossy, and are about even in size. In every bunch 

 6 — 8 of these bodies. These bunches (or bundles) lie in the outer 

 part of the calymma which forms a structureless mass of slime 

 (jelly), wliich is only Aåsible on being coloured. 



The diameter of the central capsule is 65—70 |i. 



Rare and scarce, is. however, easily overlooked: -'Vi 1899, 

 Kvænangen, — 50 m.; Vs Evenstad I, 0—50 m. , "Va 1900 Bål- 

 stad I, 0—200 m.; "A the Skjerstad Fiord IV, 0—300 m. and 

 the Skjerstad Fiord V, 0—420 m.; V4 the Skjerstad Fiord XII, 

 0—500 m.; «A the Folden Fiord I, 500—400 m. 



From the above, the species would seem to be oceanic, uncer- 

 tain whether it is temperate or boreal. 



VII C. Xas!i$ellaria. 



Of this division there was a comparatively large number of 

 forms iu the plankton examined and also on the west coast of 

 Norway; and, among these, there were a good many which, on 

 account of their slightly developed skeletons, were at a low point 

 of evolution. These proportionately simple forms are very interesting, 

 in as much as they seem to be able to furnish valuable information 

 with regard to the oi'iginal str-uctural type for the corresponding 

 divisions, as well as \\"ith regard to the phylogeny of the whole 

 class. 



H.4Eckel's splendid work on Radiolaria (L. 86) is on the 

 whole admirable for its clearness and the ingeniousness with which 

 apparently unimportant details are fitted together to make up a 

 wonderful and consistently worked out system. If it had not been 

 for this immortal work of Haeckel's, the immense material, which 

 the Challenger and other expeditions provided, would have waited 

 long before it could have been made useful to science to any great 

 extent. There may be differences of opinion as to the justification 

 or appropriateness of the genera and families erected by Haeceel; 

 it is impossible, however, not to admire the immense amount of 

 valuable observations which are so plainly and clearly set forth 

 in his extentive work. 



As far as XasseUaria are concerned, Haeckel's system does 

 not seem to be quite successful; but this di\ision is, as he himself 

 mentions several times, particularly difficult, and can hardly be dealt 

 with satisfactorily in any other way than by starting from the 

 simplest forms. These simple forms are, however, small and in- 

 conspicuous and may therefore easily be ignored for the beautiful 

 and wonderful forms of which there are so many illusti-atidiis in 

 Haeckel's famous work. 



It is just for these simple forms that it seems to be imjjossible 

 to use Haeckel's classification. After mucli groping and maii\ 

 fruitless attempts to arrange the Nassellaria, which I have fouml 

 in my material, according to Haeckel's system, I have at length 

 felt compelled to get out of the difficulty by erecting several new 

 genera. 



Unfortunately the Nassellaria in my material — as is the case 

 with Radiolaria on the whole — never occur iu any important 

 numbei-s, but often only singly. I am, however, more and moie 

 convinced that certain simple structural conditions, which seem to 

 have been partly overlooked, partly considered to be of little im- 

 portance by Haeckel, who does not use them in his classification, 

 recur as the uround i)lan of a large number, ])robably the majority, 

 if not all. of foi-nis of ya.'^rllaria. 



