2 36 



O. Nonlg-aa cl. 



on the contrary ^vith regai'd to the warm bottom water, which 

 is almost independent of continental factors, and which, therefore, 

 can retain its propeiiies almost unchanged during its course in the 

 tioi'ds. 



And the observations made have shown that the temperature 

 and salinity of the bottom water in the Vest Fiord ditfers only 

 very slightly from that of the fiords on the west coast of Norway.') 

 The similarity in fauna which the zoological examinations have 

 brought to lig-ht are thus quite natural. As the Vest Fiord is the 

 last of the large fiords which has bottom water with a temperature 

 of 6 — 7° C. and a salinity of about :35 pro mille, it is also natural 

 that it forms the northern limit for many boreal and lusitanic forms. 

 Many southern' forms are also found in Malangen, but the arctic 

 species arc doubtless in the majority there, and this is still more 

 certainly the case in the Bals Fiord, the Ulfs Fiord, Lyngen and 

 Kvænangen. As Malangen, hydrogivaphically speaking, takes the 

 position of a kind of transition fiord, I will mention some of the 

 animal forms we dredged there. 



Polychæta: — Harmothoe rarispina, H. nodosa, H. aspprrima, 

 Lepidonotus amondseni, Laetmonice filicornis, Leanira tetragona, 

 Nephtys incisa, N. ciliata, Leodica norvegica, Brada (jnmulosa, 

 B. granulata, Euphrosyne lorealis, Nicomache hiudnindis. Pecti- 

 narin koreni, Terebdlides strowi, Sabella pavonia. 



Of Bryozoa, there are two very characteristic boreal species 

 which have their northern limit in Malangen, namely, K'metoskias 

 smitti and Domopora stellata. , 



Amphrpcda :"-) — Hyale nihoni. Sommes athli. Hipiiomcdon 

 jirophujnis. Ori-ltfJDiinrUii min/ifx. (). pfnguis. Tryphosn hoihufi. 



Anonyx mfi/n.r. Li'jiiili'jicr-i-cinii midio. Lejitojiho.rns fith-nfus. Hai- 

 phiia nrglectii. H. .■<rn(ttii. An/ii'Ii-^'n iinicrocrjihfild. A. eschrichti , 

 A. iiequiconiis. A. aitihlyops. lii/Jilis i/niiiiniiH. Biiphops tiibicola, 

 Sf('goceph((liis inflatu.-: S. s'nnUis. Audmiut ubyssi, Amphilocus teiivi- 

 manus, Stenothoe brevicornis, Metopa borealis, M. hruseli, Leuco- 

 thoe sjnnicarpa, Paroediceros lynccus. P. propinqvus, Monoculodes 

 borealis, M. tessellatus. M. btfiiiiffuus. M. hngirostris, M. packardi. 

 Halimedon megalopis, H. brcricidctir. Batliymedon obtusifrons, Aceros 

 phyUonyx, Pleiistcs pnnoplus. Paruniph'itoi' ussuiiilis. Ejili'micria tu- 

 bcrcvliita, E. loricata, Acantlionotosoma scrnifuin. Iphniuilni obesu, 

 Syrrhoii crenulata, Tiron acanthurus, E-iisii uti nuiuitus, Rhucotropis 

 helleri, HaUrages ftihocindus, Apherttsa bispinosa, A. tridentatu, 

 Cailiojmis laeviusculus, Dexaminc sp'tnosa, D. thea, Melphidipha bo- 

 rralis. Gfimmarus lonist(t. Meliln dciit((f((. Lilljeborgia jinllida. L. 

 fissicornis. J'rofome.di-in fiisrinfn. O'lnniutropsis mclanop^. Aiiijihifoi' 

 rubririil'i. Tucliyyoccnis diujilpc^. Cornjihiiini crdss'icoynr. I'ltfiold 

 phniipes. Dnllehtn sp.. rhlis'im uuiinin. .Kynirlhi spiiiosa. Cdprclbi 

 liiiaiyis. 



Spakre Schneidkk had no opportunity to examine the great- 

 est depth of Malangen, so our dredgings form a suitable supplement 

 to Schneider's investigations. We brought to light 18 species of 

 amphipods, which wei'e new to the Malangen fauna, and most of 

 these were from the great depth where, as above mentioned, 

 8(;hneider did not make any dredgings. There are several bo- 

 real forms among the amphipods mentioned, but the ai'ctic ones are 

 however, in a small majority. EpnucrKi iiibnciilntji. which is a 



') Of. NoBDOAABD, Stndier over natiirforhokleiie 

 H.vilrogiafi. Bei-g. Miis. Aaib. 1903, nv. 8, p. 32. 



2) Heve I have also included the ampliipods whi 

 gim liy Sparrk Schneidkr. Cf. Mal.-xnoenf.jonleiis i-.wx 

 14, 1891. 



■e foil 

 roni-ii 



id in Maliui- 

 Mus. Aaish. 



boreal form, has its northern limit in Malangen and Epimeiia loricata, 

 which is an arctic one, has here its southern limit. Of Cumacea. 

 I found for instance Diastylis goodsiri, which is a decided arctic 

 form. It was new to Malangen, which is the southern limit for 

 the species on our coast. 



Schizopoda: — Borcopiiuusiu inermis, Boreomysis urctica, B. 

 tridens, Pseudomma roseum, Mysideis insignis, Alysis mixta. 



Boreomysis tridens has not been found north of Malangen. 



Deeapoda: — Pasijihæa tarda, Pandalus annulicornis, P. propin- 

 qnts, P. brevirostris, Crangon ahnani, Pontophilus norvegicus, Sahinea 

 septemcarinata, S. septemcarinata var. sarsi, Hippolyte sjnnus, H. 

 lilljeborgi, H. polaris, Bythocaris simplicirostris, Eupagurus pubeseens, 

 LitJiodes maja, Munida rugosa, Hyas coarctalus. Of those mentioned, 

 both Pandalus propinqvus and brevirostris have here their northern 

 limit. Respecting the fauna of Malangen, I refer to the mentioned 

 paper by Srarre Schneider. With the exception of the amphipods, 

 I have here only mentioned the forms which 1 pei'sonally observed 

 in the fiord. 



Brachiopods and molluscs have long been considered to be 

 useful in forming a precise picture of the zoogeographical character 

 of a .given district. I will therefore arrange these animals in a 

 table, based upon the examinations which have been made by 

 Sparre Schneider'), the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedi- 

 tion-), C. W. S. AuKiviLLius''), Johan Hjort-*), A. M. Norman^), 

 G. 0. Saks«) and myself. 



enfjc 



') Kvænangeiis MoUusUfaiina, M;i 



Tromso Mus. Asr.sh. 14, 1891. 



-) Herman Friele & James A. Grieg. Mollusca III. 



^) Hatsevei-tebrater fi'An nordligaste Tromso amt ocli 

 bang 111 Kgl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. II, No. 4. 



^) Herman Friele, Mollusken dei- erstfu Nordnieev 

 ilampfers „Midiael Sars" 1900 untei- Leitung von Hern 

 Berg. Mus. Aarb. 1902, Nr. 3. 



■■■) Notes on the Natural History of East I'inmark. 



'') Mollusca regionis arcticae Norvegiae. 



hrt des Fischer 

 Dr. JoHAX Hjol 



Brarhinpodn and Mollusca 



Brachiopoda. 



RIii/ii(Ii()i}clhi psittacen. Ciiemn'.. 

 Terchrittulina caput serpentis, I. 



T. scptvntiionalis, Couth 



Wal'Uiciiiiia cranium, 0. F. Mi' 



Pelecypoda. 



Anomia ephippium, Lin 



A. aciileata, MOll 



Pecten inlandinis, 0. F. Mull. 

 P. seplcmradiafns, O. F. Mull 



P. tigrinus, 0. F. Mull 



P. striatiis, 0. F. MiJLi 



P. titypMS. Chem.s 



F. abyssoriUH, IjOV 



P. inibrifer, Lov 



P. groenlnndieus, Sow 



Mytilus cdulis, Lix 



Modiola modiolus, Lin 



M. phascolina, Phil 



