THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



[October I, 1915. 



;lnir. Ilie breakins strcnslh is 17^' sirams in the tirsi c;isi- ami in 

 llie second case 66 grams per square millimeter. The stretching 

 constants vary in the same propurtiun. My adding resins, pro- 

 teins or casein lo ruhher tlie coefficient nt" vulcanization and tlie 

 hysical characieri?tic> are increa.sed. 



\ rl.C.\MZ.\TIOX OF GfTT.V I'KKCIIA 



Dittmar has vulcanized compound? with various proportions of 

 1 <ins. gutta percha and sulphur and thus obtained a series of 

 1" mites. By this treatment an important percentage of resin 

 I'tcomcs insolulile in acetone, in proportions varying between 

 -' ;aul 4 1-2 per cent. 



KfliliF.R .Sfi:.';TITL"Ti;. 



.\ modilied form of sidphurized oil rublicr substitute has re- 

 cently been patented by an .\ustrian chemist, V. Ottorepetz 

 British patent Ko. 21.524 (1914). The substitute is made from 

 fatty vegetable oils by the coml)ined action with heat of sul- 

 phur and dilute nitric acid. In this way a tough substance is 

 obtained which is soft when hot and elastic when cold. After 

 washing, this material is vulcanized with sulphur in the same 

 manner as ordinary india rubber. The following is an example, 

 in detail, of the manufacture of this product. 



To one kilogram of linseed oil 150 grams of sulphur are 

 added and the whole heated to 130 degrees C, to dissolve 

 the sulphur. This liquid is poured into its volume of dilute 

 nitric acid ; heated and agitated for several hours in a water 

 Ijath until the liquid is converted into a yellow body which is 

 soft when hot and elastic and tough when cold. Notable quan- 

 tities of sulphuric acid are to be found in the nitric acid. This 

 1)ody is thoroughly wa.shed with water, and dried in thin layers 

 at 100 to 110 degrees C. 



To one kilogram of this dried material, 200 grams of flowers 

 ! sul)ihur and a sufficient quantity of benzol is added for con- 

 .erting the whole into a gelatinous dough which is then dried 

 and vulcanized by heating. The product thus obtained is said 

 to be tough and elastic and to serve as a successful substitute 

 for rubber. 



PATENTED TREATMENT OF RUBBER. 



Plrifying Isoi'RENK. — F. E. Matthews and E. H. .Stranst — 

 British patent No. 6,897 (1914)— purify unsaturated hydro-car- 

 bons (isoprene) by treatment with sulphurous acid and alcoholic 

 hydrochloric acid. 



Accelerators.— British patent No. 10.833 (1914); addition to 

 No. 4,263 (1914). (See The India Rubber Wori.p, August. 

 1915), S. J. Peachy. Paranitrosodiphenylamine or reduction 

 products of the nitroso-compounds mentioned in the parent 

 specification — such as dimethyl-paraphenylenediamine — are used 

 for accelerating the vulcanization of natural or artificial caout- 

 chouc. 



Leather, Waterproof and Non-sltppi.vg. — United States pat- 

 ent No. 1.150.047, -Me.x. McLennan. Leather is treated in a drum 

 with a solution of rubber and celluloid in acetone, together with 

 a solution of amber resin dissolved in benzol and a solution of 

 juniper gum. 



CoxDENSATiON PRODUCT WITH RuBBER. — United States patent 

 No. 1,150,642, Hans Stockhausen. Heating formaldehyde with 

 phenol until a liquid intermediate product is formed, and mi.x- 

 ing this product with ferric chloride until a plastic, moldablc 

 mass is obtained, which mass is mixed with caoutchouc and 

 sulphur, and hardened by heat. 



Rubber Substitute.— British patent No. 1,171 (1914), Joseph 

 Baier and Arthur G. M. Weale. Dry animal tissue is converted 

 into a viscous jelly by treatment with zinc chloride solution or 

 hydrochloric acid, thickened with dry, starchy matter, and air 

 dried. A solution of rubber in turpentine is then mixed to form 

 with it a thick dough. The paste thus formed is the rubber 

 substitute and is applicable to leather or fabric. The substitute 

 may be cured by heating at 250 degrees C. till tough. 



Substitute for Ebonite. — British patent No. 76 (1914), Ernst 



Krause and llanj Bluchcr. .\lliuminous and cellulosic yeast 

 residue is mixetl with dry powdered albumen to a uniform mass. 

 This is treated with formaldehyde and the water removed by 

 pressure and evaporation. ICbonite-like material is obtained from 

 this material at 100 degrees C. under high pressure. 



kF.ciVERiNG Rubber fru.m .\utomobile Tires. — British patent 

 No. 16,116 (1914), H. Debauge. The tires are soaked for two or 

 three days in xylol or other solvent, when the fabric can easily 

 be stripped away from ,the rubber. The rubber attached to the 

 fabric layers can be removed by a revolving wire brush. The 

 rublier is ground while in the brittle, swollen condition produced 

 i)y the solvent, and the latter recovered from the rubber and 

 fabric by steam or dry distillation, — in the latter case under 

 reduced pressure. The solvent may also be removed by washing 

 with acetone or alcohol. (The India Rubber World, October 1, 

 1914.) 



CoAcri.ATioN OF Late.x. — British patent No. 1455, Carlos de 

 Cerqueira Pinto, .\ coagulating preparation consisting of a mix- 

 ture of varying proportions of creosote, hydrochlorate of quin- 

 ine and carbonate of soda dissolved in alcohol. This solution is 

 diluted preferably with the wash water resulting from washing 

 coagulated latex, and the dilute mixture added to the latex to 

 be coagulated. The coagulation takes place rapidly and the 

 rubber obtained possesses the entire nerve of the latex employed. 



Reclaiming Waste Rubber.— British patent No. 12,271 (1914), 

 Frank Vincent O'Neill. Boston. A process for dissolving out 

 the caoutchouc from vulcanized waste rubber. The waste is 

 treated in a closed receptacle, under pressure (about 60 pounds) 

 at a temperature below that detrimental to the rubber product 

 (266 degrees F.) in the presence of boiling resin spirit. The 

 solvent is removed from the dissolved and devulcanized rubber 

 by evaporation. The product is said to have all the character- 

 istics of the original rubber compound before vulcanization. 



Synthetic Substitute for Gutta Percha, Balata and Caout- 

 chouc— British patent No. 17,253 (1914), Arthur Heinemann. A 

 process for producing a homogeneous substance possessing prop- 

 erties similar to gutta percha and balata from butadiene and 

 the like: such as isoprene, dimethyl, butadiene and generally 

 hydrocarbons possessing two conjugate double links. These 

 hydrocarbons are dissolved in acetone and polymerized by pass- 

 ing sulphurous acid gas into the solution. The resultant pre- 

 cipitate of polymerized hydrocarbons is then compressed for 

 four da\s at 6.00U pounds per square inch to remove the oily 

 liquids present and produce a homogeneous mass. The product 

 is vulcanizable with sulphur. 



Plastic Composition.— J. S. Campbell, British patent No. 9,370 

 (1914). Plastic composition consisting of a mixture of finely di- 

 vided leather, fatty or resin oils, mineral fillers, sulphur and 

 rubber, gutta, balata or rubber waste adapted to be calendered 

 or dissolved and spread on fabrics, prepared by vulcanizing for 

 use as packing, shoe soles, belting and tire treads. 



Pontianak (Jelutong) Ri'bber Resin. — Charleton Ellis and 

 A. A. Wells have done much experimental work on Pontianak 

 resin solutions. Their conclusions are: (1) Of the solvents 

 or thinners commonly used in varnish and paint oil making, 

 benzol is the most energetic on Pontianak resin. (2) Heating 

 the resin for an extended period makes it more soluble and 

 increases the proportion of unsaturated bodies. Temperatures 

 above 650 degs. F. exert a marked influence, both as to 

 solubility and chemical and physical properties. (3) Pon- 

 tianak rubber resin is very inert to alkalies and, practically 

 speaking, may be regarded as unsaponifiable. 



THE interesting work on "Sulphide and Sulphate Sulphur" 

 reported in this department last month should have 

 been credited to H. P. Stevens, M.A., Ph.D., F.I.C. 

 [An interesting discussion on the subject of Pontianak resin 

 will be found in The Tndiv Rubrf.r World, July, 1909.1 



