December 1, 19IS 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



115 



"N'Cauli," were analyzed by the authors, without knowledge of 

 their botanical origin. But the data shows that "Owouina" 

 rubber is interesting because of its great chemical purity, com- 

 parable to that of Para. "Kondo" rubber also appears to 

 possess a fair technological value. 



CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF RUBBER. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



AMoi.i..\iii.i.; I'HKNoi.u euNiiK\s.\Tio.\ Fmuiri T. 1,140,299 and 

 l,146,J0O. .1. \V. .\ylswurtli. 



\'li.c.\nizatu)n Acceler.\tur.— 1,157,177, S. J. Peachey. The 

 invention relates to the use of Paranitrose-dimethylanilinc or its 

 homologues to accelerate vulcanization of ruliber, as mentioned in 

 The 1ni)i,\ Rubber World, August, 1915. 



Rubber Substitute.— 1,159,257 and 1,159,258. Georges Niith. 

 These patents relate to the preparation of elastic rubber-like 

 substances derived by the action of amines on ordinary 

 sulphuretted fatty oil "substitutes" or "factices" and the 

 subsequent vulcanization of the polymerized substances to 

 various degrees of elasticity or hardness. These new bodies have 

 high electrical insulating property. When dissolved in appropri- 

 ate solvents they serve as adherent, flexible, transparent and 

 brilliant varnishes. A long list of ammonia derivatives of the 

 fatty and aromatic series is named as suitable for the formation 

 of the new elastic bodies. 



Process of Vulc.\nizing Rubber.— 1,159,327. Paul I. Murrill. 

 This process relates to an improvement in the cold cure 

 process of vulcanization by which the purity of sulphur mono- 

 chloride is preserved against the deteriorating influence of 

 atmospheric moisture. The improved process does not 

 entirely prevent the decomposition of the sulphur mono- 

 chloride but oflfsets it by other reactions whereby inert substances 

 result. This is accomplished by adding to the sulphur mono- 

 chloride, diluted with the usual inert liquid to adapt it for use, 

 a quantity of metallic sodium. After standing about twenty 

 hours the liquid may be used as a vulcanizing agent and the 

 sodium will combine with the impurities. 

 united kingdom. 



VuLC.\Nizi.N-G Rubber.— 12,661 (1914). .\bridgment of October, 

 1915, F. Bayer & Co. The subject matter of this patent was 

 referred to in a note on vulcanization accelerators in The India 

 Rubber World, June, 1915. It relates to the vulcanization ot 

 natural or artificial rubber-like substances in the presence of such 

 ammonia derivatives of a basic reaction, other than those that 

 liberate free ammonia under the conditions of vulcanization, or 

 such nitrogenous organic bases, other than piperidin or its homo- 

 logues or derivatives of these bases, that possess a dissociation 

 constant in aqueous solution greater than 1 X 10'. Examples of 

 such bases are sodium amide, benzylamine, naphthy-lenediamine, 

 quaternary ammonium bases, the addition product of ammonia 

 and acetaldehydc and paraphenylenediamine. 



Phenol-aldehyde Condensation Products. — 28,187 (1913). 

 .Abridgment of October, 1915. A. Heinemann. In the produc- 

 tion ot resinous condensation products from phenol or cresols 

 and formaldehyde or its polymers, the reacting substances are 

 lirst heated without a condensing agent, yielding a liquid oxy- 

 benzyl-alcohol, and this product is further heated in an open 

 vessel with sulphur dioxide solution. The product can l)e ren- 

 dered insoluble by further heating or treatment with a basic 

 catylist. 



Ebonite Substitute. — 76 (1914). .Abridgement of October, 

 1915. A rubber substitute is made by mixing minced animal 

 tissue, such as sinews, after heating with an astringent solution 

 such as zinc chloride or hydrochloric acid, with starchy matter, 

 such as powdered tapioca. The dough thus formed, after drying, 



is preferably mixed with a small proportion of rubber latex or a 

 solution of rubber or resin, for example 6 to 12 per cent, of rub- 

 ber dissolved in turpentine. The product is heated until tough 

 and applied as a dressing to leather, canvas or other fibrous base. 



Rubber and Leather Compositions.— 13,128 (1914). E, B. 

 Cook. Leather reduced to a fibrous state is mixed with vulcan- 

 izable rubber compound on rubber mixing rolls and the product 

 vulcanized by heat, for use as shoe soles, pneumatic tires, door 

 mats and other tread surfaces. In an example 2^< parts leather 

 fiber are added to 1J4 parts crude rubber, 2 parts reclaimed rub- 

 ber, \7s parts fossil flour, V/2 parts litharge, 'A part sulphur and 

 lampblack or other pigment. 



Synthetic Rubber. 297 (1915).— Dr. Hermann Stern, Karl- 

 strasse 42, Munich, Germany. This invention relates to the pro- 

 duction of hydrocarbons of the diolefin group, more particularly 

 isoprene, caoutchouc and caoutchouc-like substances. The essen- 

 tial characteristic of the process consists in, or includes, the treat- 

 ment of an aliphatic ketone or ketones with fuming sulphuric 

 acid. The process in its simplest form consists in heating acetone 

 or its homologues with fuming sulphuric acid. For example, if 

 500 grams of acetone are heated with about 350 grams of fuming 

 sulphuric acid containing 18 to 20 per cent, of sulphuric anhy- 

 dride, there results, after distilling ofl the volatile liquid products, 

 and neutralizing the solid residue with an alkali, approximately 

 350 grams of solid caoutchouc-like substances. Similar substances 

 are obtained if there is substituted for acetone, or used in con- 

 junction with it, homologues, such as diethyl ketone, methylethyl 

 ketone or propyl-brutyl-ketone. 



the french republic. 



Rubber substitute and process kor manukacturinc. 476,396 

 (October 21, 1914.)— V. Clttorepetz. (Same as British patent No. 

 21,524, 1914). See The India Rubber World, October, 1915. 



Rubber substitute. 476,509 (April 24, 1914).— J. de la Fres- 

 naye and L. Aimond. 



Rubber substitute, plastic, semi-plastic or hard .material 

 obtained by using human or animal hair, scraps of tortoise shell, 

 leather, or horn, and process for manufacturing it. 476,578 

 (April 28, 1914).— G. L. Lussaud and R. Montois. 



Condensation Product. French patent 468,879. A. Labbe.— 

 Resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, pyrocatechol and their 

 derivatives are dissolved in formaldehyde in presence of very 

 small amounts of dilute mineral acids which appear to act as 

 catalyzers. The mass solidifies after several hours to an elastic 

 product, the hardness of which increases with the dilution of 

 the formaldehyde, and which can be rendered transparent by 

 addition of acetone or glycerol to the formaldehyde. The prod- 

 uct is permanent, fireproof and easily worked. 

 the german empire. 



Process for hardening plastic masses of glue, glvierix and 

 Iiowdered fillers. 288,321 (June 23, 1914).— J. Traube. Am. 

 Liitzow, 130, Charlottenburg. 



Rubber substitute. Process for producing solid plastic 

 masses. 288,347 (May 20, 1914).— Supplement to patent 274,176, 

 Karl Hagendorf, Baufeld-bei-Fredersdorf Ostbahn and Dr. 

 Adolf Breslauer, Hektorstrasse, 13, Berlin-Halensee. 



Rubber substitute. Process for manufacturing a substance 

 specially suited for being worked into tires. 288,476 (July 22. 

 1913). — Murizio Barricclli. Nordstrand, near Christiania. Nor- 

 way. Represented by R. Schmehlik and C. Sattow, Berlin, 

 S.W. 61. 



Rubber substitite. Process and apparatus for making 

 plastic masses out of fibers and cements subjected to the action 

 of sulphur, sulphur chloride and nitric acid on oil, tar and the 

 like. 288,532 (Nov. 29, 1914).-Nicolaus Reif, Christuskirche 24, 

 Hanover. 



