74 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



[ November 1, 1916. 



solvents, to a gelatinous, doughy mass which, upon spontaneous 

 evaporation, or evaporation with the aid of gentle heat, to remove 

 the solvent, remains as a homogeneous, very tough and elastic 

 product. This substance, alone or in admixture with solutions 

 of resin, caoutchouc, gutta percha, etc., can be mi.xed with filling 

 and variously colored. In the swollen state, this mass is mixed 

 with 10 to 20 per cent pure flowers of sulphur, warmed gently, 

 under pressure, on rolls, and, after evaporating the softening 

 agent, it is vulcanized at a teinperature slightly above the melt- 

 ing point of sulphur. 



For e.^ample. 1 kilogram of linseed oil is heated with 150 

 grams of sulphur at 266 to 320 degrees F., until the sulphur has 

 been completely dissolved, and the linseed oil has been converted 

 into a black-brown liquid, which upon cooling, no longer sepa- 

 rates sulphur. This liquid is poured into 3 to 4 times its weight 

 of dilute nitric acid, and warmed for several hours on a water 

 bath, with stirring, until the liquid has been converted into a 

 yellow substance, soft when hot and clastic and tough when cold, 

 and large amounts of sulphuric acid are present in the nitric 

 acid. This product is washed thoroughly with water and dried 

 in a thin layer at 212 to 230 degrees F. Of this mass 1 kilo- 

 gram is worked up into a gelatinous dough with 200 grams 

 asphalt and 200 grams flowers of sulphur, with the addition of 

 benzene; then dried and vulcanized by heat. The final product 

 is claimed to serve in many cases as a substitute for rubber, and 

 to be much cheaper. 



CHEMICAL PATENTS. 



THE UNITED STATES. 



Regenerating Vulcanized Rubber. , The process of regenerat- 

 ing vulcanized rubber which consists in comminuting the mate- 

 rial, boiling it in an alkaline solution, and heating the entire mass 

 of material in an atmosphere of inert gas to a temperature ap- 

 proximating but short of the melting-point, and continuously 

 stirring the mass. [Bernadus Johannes Franciscus Varenhorst, 

 The Hague, and Jean Gerard Fol, Delft, Netherlands. United 

 States patent No. 1,198,975.] 



THE TTNITED KINGDOM. 



Substitute for Rubber. .\ mixture of colophony, caoutchouc, 

 sulphur, naphtha, dry white lead or Spanish white is prepared 

 with heat and may be used for sealing wax or in place of ebonite. 

 [R. Castells, 240, Provenza, Barcelona, Spain. British patent 

 No. 7,703 (1915).] 



Rubber Recovery fro.m Rubberized Fabrics. Rubber is re- 

 covered from fabric impregnated with vulcanized rubber, by heat- 

 ing it with boiling tetrachloroethane. Solution of the rubber is 

 complete in about one hour, .^fter removing the fabric, the rub- 

 ber is recovered from the solution by adding water and distilling 

 oflF the solvent with the water; or the solvent may be distilled 

 dry, provided care be taken not to overheat the rubber. If de- 

 sired, the free sulphur may be removed by a short preliminary 

 treatment of the rubberized fabric with hot tetrachloroethane, 

 the operation being interrupted before the rubber begins to dis- 

 solve. [C. de Villers, Neuilly, France. British patent No. 

 10,146 (1915).] 



Coagulating Latex. In contradistinction to the usual processes 

 employed, the present invention consists in treating the latex 

 with gases obtained by the destructive distillation of wood in 

 suitable retorts, after removal of the tar from the gases. 



The advantages of the processes are : 



(1) The product obtained is better than that obtained by ap- 

 plication of smoke. 



(2) As fuel for the distillation of the wood, the charcoal from 

 a preceding distillation can be used. Not all the charcoal, how- 

 ever, is required. 



(3) The wood tar obtained forms a valuable product which 

 is available on the plantation for conserving the plants against 

 disease. 



(4) The process is cheap. [E. C. R. Marks, 57 Lincoln Inn 

 Fields, London, W.C, England. British patent No. 11,615 (1915).] 



L'tilizing Waste Rubber. India rubber is removed from tire 

 fabrics, without destroying them, by treatment in vacuo w-ith a 

 solvent, at a temperature which produces strong ebullition (212 

 to 230 degrees F. in the case of xylol). \ circulating move- 

 ment of the liquid is produced l)y a cone-and-tube device, similar 

 to that used in laundry apparatus. The rubber is first stripped 

 from the fabric by means of xylol or other solvent ; the fabric 

 is then treated with cold xylol in an ordinary washer to remove 

 liglitly-adhering rublier, resins and free sulphur; next the fabric 

 is placed in a cage in an autoclave containing pure xylol. The 

 autoclave is connected with a reflux condenser which has a pipe 

 connection to a vacuum pump. After heating twice in the auto- 

 clave by a steam coil, the fabric is washed in clean xylol, again 

 treated under pressure at about 150 degrees F., and finally 

 washed, and centrifugally treated, dried by means of a current 

 of inert hot gas, and bleached. The liquids containing rubber 

 can be used for dissolving the granular rubber derived from the 

 stripping of the fabric. [H. Dcbauge, 2 Rue de Penthievre, 

 Paris. British patent No. 100,961.] 



THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 



Rubber Vulcanization Method. The process of vulcanizing 

 india rubber sulistance which consists in submitting the substance 

 in the presence of sulphur, sulphides, or other vulcanizing agents, 

 to the action of ultra violet rays, under a variety of conditions 

 of heat, pressure or vacuum in solid films or in solution. [Gustave 

 Bernstein, Chamaliers, Puy de Dome, France. Canadian patent 

 No. 170,142.] 



Recovering Rubber Stock. The process of recovering rubber 

 stock from vulcanized rubber which consists in bringing the 

 vulcanized rubber in contact with a solution comprising resin 

 and a material obtained by the action of dissolved resin on 

 vulcanized rubber, and incorporating this solution with the com- 

 minuted vulcanized rubber and removing the solvent therefrom. 

 [Hermann Goldman, New York City. Canadian patent No. 

 170,393.] 



1,200,296. 

 1,200,692. 



171.032. 



8.487 (1 

 101.127. 



OTHER CHEMICAL PATENTS. 



THE UKITED STATES. 



Elastic material for U5e in tires. Maurizio Barricelli, BygdOr 



near Christiania, Norway. 

 Hard rubber cotnposition. Leo H. Baekeland, Vonkers, N. Y. 



THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 



Filler fcr tires. Frank .\. Ilasjer, Portland, Oregon. 

 THE UNITED KINGDOM. 



915). Treatment of latex on scrap rubber. C. A. Ilcken, East 

 Coast Road, and St. V B. Down, 43 The Arcade — both 

 in Singapore. 



Impregnating compositions of giitta percha, rubber or balata. 

 E. C. R. Marks, 57 I.inccln's ln;i Fields, London, England. 



AUOTHER CHEMICAL EXPOSITION IN 1917. 



Hardly has the Second National Exposition of Chemical Indus- 

 tries been closed when plans are forming for the third exposi- 

 tion, to be held next fall, and it is said that its success is already 

 assured, .^n additional floor in the Grand Central Palace, New 

 York City, has been engaged and plans are being made to use 

 this, and possibly another, in addition to the first two floors which 

 were occupied this year. Interesting details of the enlarged 

 scope of the E.xposition will appear in due time. 



The New York State Industrial Safety Congress will convene 

 at Hotel Onondaga, Syracuse, New York, December 11, 12, 13 

 and 14. Addresses will be delivered by experts on fire preven- 

 tion, factory sanitation, safeguarding of machinery and other 

 factors pertaining to industrial safety. Some of the evening lec- 

 tures will be illustrated. Employers, superintendents and factory- 

 foremen are invited to attend. 



