December 1, 1916.] 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



Ul 



the cooler months, the dew-point always being approached 

 closely at night and frequently passed in winter and during the 

 rainy summer season. 



Rarely is wild guayule found growing in the alluvial plains 

 cf the Mexican plateau. It prefers gravelly, calcareous soil fit 

 for little else, and so, because of its hardiness and easy cultiva- 

 tion, lends itself readily to the agricultural development of our 

 arid Southwest. Propagation is from the seed, and artificial 

 fertilization of the flower is essential in order to insure reliable 

 results. As this requires skill, the plants are started in nurseries 

 under the care of trained horticulturists. When the stalks attain 

 a diameter of one-fourth inch they are transplanted to the field 

 in rows three feet apart, the plants standing 18 inches apart in 

 the row. Although each capitulum produces only a maximum of 

 five seeds, a plant of moderate size will yield many thousands, 

 but the percentage of viable seed does not usually exceed 5 to 25 

 per cent. 



To go into the details of the cultural operations of procuring 

 seed, raising seedlings, transplanting them, caring for the growing 

 plants and harvesting the cultivated guayule would trespass be- 

 yond the scope of the present article. These details may be found 

 by those interested in a work on the subject by Professor Francis 

 Krnest Lloyd and published by the Carnegie Institution of Wash- 

 ington. It should be apparent from the foregoing, however, that 

 the possibilities of guayule in the United States are almost un- 

 limited ; that its growth might easily become one of our greatest 

 agricultural industries, and that it may thrive in the barren lands, 

 of the South as well as in the arid wastes of the Soutlnvest. 

 REFERENXES. 

 Important articles devoted to this subject that have appeared in previous 

 issues of The India Rubber World include: "The Guayule Rubber Situa- 

 tion," Francis E. Lloyd, Vol. 41, page 115; "The Future of Guayule," 

 Vol. 45, page 20; "The Propagation of Guayule," Francis E. Lloyd, Vol. 45, 

 page 164; "A Guayule Resume," Harold von der Linde, Vol 45, page 166; 

 "Notes on the Acclimatization and Cultivation of the Guayule," Francis E. 

 Lloyd. Vol. 47, page 183, and Vol. 48, page 563; "A Journey Through 

 Guayule Land,' Henry C. Pearson, Vol. 35, pages 173 and 205. 



TIEE REPAIR VtTLCANIZERS AND ACCESSORIES IN SOUTH AMERICA. 



According to our contemporary "The .Automobile," American 

 tire vulcanizers are not adequately represented in South America, 

 where there is a good market for such devices. 



In Argentina alone there are 30,000 automobiles, every one of 

 which has tire troubles. Moreover, South American automo- 

 bilists are not as a rule careful of their tires, and hence the 

 need of frequent repairing. There is a good market for small 

 vulcanizers, such as chauffeurs can use, as well as shop vulcan- 

 izers for garages. In Cordoba, .\rgentina, there is a garage with 

 an up-to-date vulcanizing department, its entire equipment hav- 

 ing come from the United States. 



Non-skid chains are good sellers in every section of South 

 America, in many cases being included as part of the standard 

 equipment of an automobile. Oversize tires are also in demand 

 and generally on sale. Slip covers, made of rubberized fabric, 

 for automobile scats, are popular and sell Well in all South 

 American countries. 



JAPANESE LABOR FOR BRAZIL. 



That arrangements have been ' oncluded to send 20,000 Japan- 

 ese to Brazil within two years is the report of the American 

 Vice-Consul at Yokohama, Japan. The negotiations with the 

 Brazilian Government were conducted by a representative of a 

 combine of Japanese emigration companies. A group of S.OOO 

 men will be sent twice a year, in the spring and autumn, and the 

 Brazilian Government will contribute £8 [?39] toward the trans- 

 portation expenses of each emigrant. 



RUBBER TRADE OF COLOMBIA. 



The rubber producing industry in Colombia is still in its in- 

 fancy, but it is growing rapidly, and the producton for the year 

 1915 showed 100 per cent increase over that of the preceding 

 year. 



The chief purchasers of Colombian rubber are the United 

 States and Great Britain. Prior to the war Germany was also 

 becoming an important buyer. In 1915 the exports of crude rub- 

 ber from Colombia to the United States amounted to $89,348, 

 against $41,849 the previous year; those to the United Kingdom 

 amounted to $5,018 in 1914, but fell to only $2,605 in 1915. 



Most of the crude rubber exported from Colombia is obtained 

 from wild Castilloa trees, but in the Atrato valley, and also in 

 some other districts, there are rubber trees under cultivation. 



RUBBER TRADE IN PANAMA. 



The American Consul-General at Panama City, Panama, re- 

 ports that the exports of crude rubber from his consular dis- 

 trict during the year 1915 amounted to 70,604 pounds in quantity 

 «nd $18,874 in value, against 142,444 pounds valued at $10,561 

 exported during the previous year. 



According to the annual report by the American Consul at 

 Colon, Panama, the exports of crude rubber and balata from 

 his district amounted to $128,794 in 1915, against $65,859 the 

 previous year. 



RUBBER IMPORTS AT HANKOW. CHINA. 



The American Consul-General at Hankow, China, reports that 

 imports of rubber and rubber goods through that port in 1915 

 amounted to $19,263, compared with $7,918 during the previous 

 year, showing an increase of $11,345. 



RUBBER TRADE OF SIAM. 



The United States \'ice-Consul at Bangkok, Siam, reports that 

 imports of American rubber goods into that country during the 

 fiscal year 1915-1916 amounted to $2,011, against $378 during 

 the previous fiscal year. 



The total exports of crude rubber from Siam during 1915- 

 1916 amounted to $11,055, against $15,533 exported during 1914- 

 1915. 



RUBBER EXPORTS FROM ZANZIBAR. 



Most of the crude rubber exported from Zanzibar is derived 

 from the rubber vine, Landolphia kirkii, of which a considerable 

 quantity grows wild in the forests of the Pemba district. Exports 

 for the year 1915 amounted to only 2,384 pounds. 



The cultivation of Ceara rubber, which was taken up by the 

 government in 1907, was not successful and has been dis- 

 continued. 



GUAYAflUIL RUBBER MARKET IN SEPTEMBER. 



The rubber market in Guayaquil. Ecuador, was quiet during 

 September, the quotations of $23.30 for maromas (ropes) and 

 $19.07 for hojas (sheets) being the same as for August. Ship- 

 ments amounted to 15.077 pounds, all going to the United States, previous year. 



CRUDE RUBBER EXPORTS FROM CEYLON. 



From the "Report of the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce for the 

 Half- Year ended June 30, 1916," just received, it appears that 

 sliipments of crude rubber to Great Britain during the period 

 covered showed a decrease of about 3,000,000 pounds, while those 

 to the United States showed an increase of about . 7,000,000 

 pounds compared with the corresponding period of 1915. In 

 fact, the shipments to America were more than double the 1915 

 January to June totals and amounted to well over 14.(X)0,000 

 pounds. 



RUBBER FOOTWEAR IN LIBYA. 



The .Xmerican consul at Tripoli, Italian North .Africa, reports 

 that during the year 1915, $1,000 worth of American rubber shoes 

 were imported into that colony, against $850 imported the 



