March 1, 1917.] 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



327 



The broken surfaces of both test bars and test rings shall be 

 examined for flaws or defects, and if the results of the tests 

 confirm the observation of flaws the test pieces shall be replaced 

 by others. 



{To be continued.) 



CHEMICAL PATENTS. 



TITE UNITED STATES. 



INSULATING COMPOSITION. A phenolic condensation prod- 

 •^ uct, initially fluid, transformable by heat without substantial 

 change of volume into a homogeneous, impervious, and infusible 

 solid of high insulating value. [Leo H. Bakeland, Yonkers, New 

 York, assignor to General Bakelite Co., New York City. United 

 States patent No. '1,213,144.] 



Process for Recovering Rubber Waste. The process of re- 

 covering rubber waste containing fibrous material, which com- 

 prises dividing the waste into small particles, disintegrating 

 the fibrous material by treatment with acid, neutralizing the 

 acid with a suitable base of an alkaline earth (in excess), 

 working the resultant solid and liquid components into a 

 homogeneous mass, and then adding a devulcanizing agent and 

 a saponifiable oil. [Richard F. Kinsley, East Cleveland, John 

 D. Morton, Lakewood, and Charles R. Haynes, Cleveland, 

 assignors to Mechanical Rubber Co., Cleveland, all in Ohio. 

 United States patent No. 1,215,941.] 



Tire Filling Composition. A composition of the following 

 ingredients: China wood oil, 72 per cent; chloride of sulphur, 

 8 per cent ; oxide of magnesium, 7 per cent ; comminuted cork, 

 13 per cent. [Clarence C. Turner, assignor to John A. 

 Schmidtke — both of Portland, Oregon. United States patent 

 No. 1,216,249.] 



THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 



Vulcanized Rubber Article. Vulcanized rubber having the 

 structural characteristics of partially broken down rubber. 

 [Canadian Consolidated Rubber Co., Limited, Montreal, Quebec, 

 assignee of Claude D. Mason, Naugatuck, Connecticut, Canadian 

 patent No. 172.568.] 



Vulcanized Rubber Process.' Method of making vulcanized 

 rubber by partially breaking down crude rubber to a sheet form 

 with rugose structure and appearance and vulcanizing the sheet 

 in such condition. [Canadian Consolidated Rubber Co., Limited, 

 Montreal, Quebec, assignee of Claude D. Mason, Naugatuck, 

 Connecticut. Canadian patent No. 172,569.] 



Reclaiming Rubber Waste. The process of reclaiming rub- 

 ber waste containing lead and sulphur by adding a soluble re- 

 active substance to the waste adapted to produce light-colored, 

 water-insoluble compounds with the lead and sulphur. [Ca- 

 nadian Consolidated Rubber Co., Limited, Montreal, Quebec, 

 assignee of Harold R. Murdock, Naugatuck, Connecticut. Ca- 

 nadian patent No. 172,570.] 



Vulcanizing Process. A new composition of vulcanized 

 rubber free from lead sulphide and containing lead sulphate and 

 zinc sulphide. [Canadian Consolidated Rubber Co., Limited, 

 Montreal, Quebec, assignee of Harold R. Murdock, Naugatuck, 

 Connecticut. Canadian patent No. 172,571.] 



Reclaiming Rubber. In a process for the disintegration of 

 fibrous cellular material the treatment of such material with a 

 protein in the presence of heat. A reclaimed rubber compound 

 containing decomposition products of albumin, carbohydrates and 

 cellulose. [Canadian Consolidated Rubber Co., Limited, Mon- 

 treal, Quebec, assignee of Harold R. Murdock, Naugatuck, 

 Connecticut. Canadian patent No. 172,572.] 



Reclaiming Rubber. A process involving the disintegration 

 of fibrous cellular material, by treatment with a carbohydrate 

 sugar and starch, having a non-fibrous structure and capable of 

 hydrolysis under the conditions of devulcanization, the result- 

 ing products of which decompose the fibrous material. [Ca- 

 nadian Consolidated .Rubber Co., Limited, Montreal, Quebec, 



assignee of Harold R. Murdock, Naugatuck, Connecticut. Ca- 

 nadian patent No. 172,573.] 



THE UNITED KINGDOM. 



Rubber Composition. For solid tires and mechanical goods a 

 composition consisting of Congo rubber, 17 ; lithopone, 25 ; sul- 

 phur, Z'/z ; glycerin, Y^ ; finely powdered silica, 2}4 parts. 

 [A. Nixon, Manchester, England. British patent No. 16,883 

 (1915).] 



Filling for Tires. A composition consisting of preferably 

 4% pounds of glue, 3 pounds of water, 12 pounds of glycerine, 

 8 ounces of camphor dissolved in alcohol, and 8 ounces of 

 formaldehyde, or its equivalent, is used for filling inner tubes 

 of pneumatic tires. [J. Flint, G. Bolton, and W. A. McLaugh- 

 lin, Camberra House, Elizabeth street, Sydney, New South 

 Wales, Australia. British patent No. 14.272 (1915).] 



la' 

 C 



b' 



LABORATORY APPARATUS. 



viscosimeter. 

 IN viscosimeters of the Ostwald type it is customary to immerse 

 i the whole apparatus in a medium of high boiling point 

 The use of a fairly large quantity of some oil or wax, trans- 

 parent at the temperature of observation, is 

 thereby necessitated. 



In the simple instrument devised by Allan 

 Speedy, described in the "Journal of the Society 

 of Chemical Industry," June 15, 1915, all difficulty 

 in reading the marks is avoided by placing them 

 above the surface of the liquid, which, therefore, 

 need not be transparent and of vi'hich only a 

 moderate quantity is required. 



The instrument consists of a piece of glass 

 tubing drawn out to form a capillary and bent 

 into V shape, as shown in the figure. 



The liquid of which the viscosity is to be de- 

 termined is placed in the viscosimeter, which is 

 clamped vertically in the bath so that the level 

 marks aa' . are just above the surface of the heat- 

 ing liquid. The bath is heated to the required 

 temperature and after a few minutes the levels 

 aa', are carefully adjusted. By means of a piece 

 of rubber tubing the liquid is then slowly sucked 

 up the left limb of the tube until it passes the 

 level, b. It is then allowed to descend. The 

 time taken to fall from 6 to c is recorded by a stop watch ,and 

 the experiment repeated as a check. It is only the viscosity of 

 the liquid in the capillary tube that counts. Because of the 

 thinness of the tube wall the temperature of the liquid is the 

 same as that of the bath. It should be observed that the 

 column of liquid be, never reaches the capillary. The level, b' 

 is well above the point where the constriction in the right limb 

 of the tube begins. The time of flow is taken from b to c 

 only, because on approaching a the motion becomes slow and 

 irregular. The constant of the instrument can be obtained by 

 calibrating it with pure phenol or sulphuric acid. 



The instrument may conveniently be strapped to a ther- 

 mometer and suspended in the heating liquid, which is con- 

 tained in a boiling tube. The cheapness of the apparatus ren- 

 ders it possible to choose from a range of tubes one with a 

 capillary of diameter best suited to the viscosity of the liquid 

 which is to be investigated. The best results are obtained if 

 the time of flow is about one to two minutes at the temperature 

 of observation. 



The instrument is well adapted to measuring the viscosity of 

 rubber solutions, oils, solvents and other liquids. Its extreme 

 simplicity, and the increased accuracy due to choice of a suitable 

 capillary, as well as its convenience in use recommends it to 

 all who have measurements of viscosity to make. These in- 

 struments are obtainable from Messrs. Townson & Mercer, 

 Limited, Camomile street, London, E. C, England. 



^^ 



