582 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



[July 1, 1917. 



pressure per square inch for live days during eight hours each day, 

 6(K) pounds minimum. Elongation at breaking point before heat- 

 ing, 300 per cent. Elongation at breaking point after heating as 

 above, 225 per cent minimum and 25 per cent maximum. Set 

 (.per cent of elongation at breaking point ) 6 per cent maximum. 



CHEMICAL PATENTS. 



THE UNITED STATES. 

 M.\NUFACTURE OF DiOLEFIKS ( I.-OPREXE ) C.\0UTCH0UC, AND 



Caoutchouc-Like Substances. Improvement in the art of 

 producing a diolefin and a caoutchouc-like body, consisting in 

 adding fuming sulphuric acid to a mixture of an aliphatic ketone 

 and an alcohol, both capable of yielding isoprene and caoutchouc 

 and separating the products formed. [Hermann Stern, Munich, 

 Bavaria, Germany. United States patent No. 1,218,332.] 



Artificial Gum. The process of making a condensation prod- 

 uct suitable for reacting with formaldehyde to produce a gum, 

 which consists in heating an impure phenol containing a cresol 

 with an impure ketone in the presence of a condensing agent. 

 [Wallace A. Beatty, New York City. United States patent No. 

 1,225,750.] 



German Process for Synthetic Rubber. This process has 

 for its object the manufacture of isoprene, caoutchouc and caout- 

 chouc-like substances by the reaction of fuming sulphuric acid 

 on a ketone, simple or compound, or a mixture of ketones and an 

 aliphatic oxide. 



As an example of tlie process the following is noted : 



To six kilograms of acetone contained in a vessel with a 

 cooler, there is added gradually in small portions nine kilograms 

 of fuming sulphuric acid containing 18 to 20 per cent of anhydride, 

 in such manner that the temperature does not rise above 80 or 

 90 degrees C. In about one hour and a quarter all the sulphuric 

 acid will have been added. The mixture, still hot, is placed in 

 another vessel provided with a gas inlet and outlet pipe. About 

 three kilograms of ethylene gas are passed through the mixture, 

 which is heated to 100 to 110 degrees C. In two or three hours 

 the reaction is complete and solid caoutchouc-like substances and 

 liquid products are found. The liquids are distilled ofif and col- 

 lected in a container cooled by a cooling mixture. The non- 

 condensable gases escape by way of a pipe on this container. 

 After neutralization of the acid mixture about five kilograms of 

 raw caoutchouc and about one and one-half kilograms of isoprene 

 and other volatile products are obtained. 



Various experiments have shown that homologues and ana- 

 logues, as well as mixtures of caoutchouc, are obtained when a 

 simple ketone or a mixed ketone is heated alone or with fuming 

 sulphuric acid. [Hermann Stern, Munich. Germany. United 

 States patent No. 1,218,332.] 



Solid Vehicle Tire. A mixture of rubber, 34 parts; lithopone. 

 50 parts ; sulphur, 6 parts ; litharge, 2 parts, and oxide of iron, 2 

 parts. [A. Nixon. United States patent No. 1,221,083.] 



THE UNITED XINGSOH. 



1ni)I.\ Ri bder Substitutes. Made by treating, under the in- 

 lluenee of light, mixtures of collagenous substances and hydro- 

 scopic substances, with or witliout fillers, with chromates, bi- 

 chromates, or other oxidizing agents, the influence of light and 

 the rate of oxidation being reduced by the addition of dyes, pre- 

 ferably in the presence of mineral oils, fats, etc. The mass is 

 protected from the action of air and light until the final heating, 

 which is continued at 80 degrees C until all water is removed, 

 air being passed tlirough the mass during the process. Either 

 aniline or mineral dyes are employed. The following is an ex- 

 ample of proportions : Gelatine, 50 parts ; glycerin, 65 parts ; sac- 

 charose, 50 parts; kieselguhr, 20 parts; colcothar (red), 12 parts; 

 zinc white and paraffin oil, each 5 parts ; borax and potassium 

 bichromate, each 1 part, and 5 drops of a 10 per cent solution 

 of phenol. Rubber and sulphur may be added and the mixture 

 vulcanized. [\V. E. Reeser and A. Van Willes, Amsterdam, Hol- 

 land. British patent No. 104874 (1917).] 



India Rubber Composition. A rubber and sulphur mixture 

 containing horse hair or bristles (three to four millimeters long) 

 intended for use in the manufacture of tires, soles and heels. 

 belting and packing rings. [C. Pacchetti, 28 Via Legnano, Milan. 

 Italy. British patent No. 105,026 (1917).] 



Balloon Fabric Compositions. An impregnating and coating 

 composition consists of pyroxylin dissolved in ether and alcohol, 

 celluloid, Canada balsam, castor oil, and rubber. Aniline dyes 

 soluble in spirit or oil, preferably those which tend to destroy 

 the actinic powers of light, such as yellow or red dyes, and 

 metallic pigments, such as aluminum, may be added. The com- 

 position may be used as a dope for balloon fabrics and many 

 similar surfaces intended to be rendered water- or gas-proof. 

 [L. C. Woolldridge, 231 Broadway, Cricklewood. and A. Fox. 

 19 Ram=ey Road, West Hendon — both in London. British patent 

 No. 105.137 (1917).] 



CANADA. 



Tire Puncture Composition. A preparation for sealing auto- 

 mobile tire punctures, consisting of water, two quarts ; granulated 

 cork, four ounces ; powdered cork, two ounces ; French chalk, one 

 pound ; white lead, eight ounces, and gum arabic, two ounces. 

 [Ernest Campbell and Thomas F. Cashman, assignee of half in- 

 terest — ^both of Calgarj', Alberta, Canada. Canadian patent No. 

 175,134.] 



Reclaiming Rubber. Method of reclaiming rubber from rub- 

 ber waste or of improving natural crude rubber and reclaimed 

 rubber generally, which comprises incorporating with the rubber 

 a single ring phenol or its homologues under conditions which 

 will produce the modifying results indicated, [Harold T. G. von 

 der Linde, Plainfield, New Jersey. Canadian patent No. 175,240.] 



Rubber Substitute. A composition made by heating together 

 3(50 parts by weight of gelatine, 75 parts by weight of glycerin 

 and 35 parts by weight of chromic acid. - [Peter B. Mellon, Ot- 

 tawa, Ontario, assignee of WolfT Sudermann. New York City. 

 Canadian patent No. 175,283.] 



LABORATORY APPARATUS. 



GOOCH CRUCIBLE HOLDER. 



A NEW article in rubber is the piece of 

 ■'' laboratory apparatus shown in the ilkis- 

 tration. This Gooch crucible holder is unique 

 in design. The rubber stopper or plug is lined 

 with a bell-shaped glass funnel tube permitting 

 hot acid solutions to be filtered without danger 

 of contamination. The taper of the plug is de- 

 signed to fit flasks of various sizes of neck. 

 One complete holder displaces the usual carbon 

 tube, rubber tubing and stopper. [Eberbach & 

 Son Co., Ann Arbor, Michigan.] 



