August 1, 1917.] 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



647 



SAMPLE. 

 Washer — H in. diameter, 3/64 in. hole. 1/16 in. thick, Specific Gravity 1.; 



COMPUT.^TIO.V. 



H in. 



3/54 in. 



fa in. X 3/16 in. x 1/16 in. 



.000997056 ounce 

 .000015579 



.000981477 

 4 



.003925908 

 1.78 



31407264 

 27481356 

 3925908 



.00698811624 ounce, or 7 



ounces per 1000. 



Ball Valves. — The volume of a sphere is equal to 2/3 of the 



volume of its circumscribing cylinder. ( Kent, 1916 Edition, 



Page 62.) 



SAMPLE. 

 Ball Valve— 1 1/64 in. diameter, Specific Gravity 1.58. 



COMPUTATIO.N'. 



1 1/64 in. = .007313475 ounce 



65 



36567375^ 

 43880850 



3) .475375875 

 158458623 



2535338000 

 1584586250 

 316917250 



.50072925500 ounce, or •/: 



ounce each. 



Corks, Plugs, etc. — To find the volume of a frustrum of a 

 cone — add together the areas of the two bases and a mean pro- 

 portional between them, and multiply the sum by one-third of 

 Ihe altitude. (Kent, 1916 Edition, page 62.) 



SAMPLES. 

 Corks or Plugs — 3 in. top diameter, 2 in. bottom diameter, 2}i in. long, 

 ^ in. hole. Specific Gravity 1.58. 



Computation. 



RUBBER HEELS AT THE SHOE FINDERS' CON- 

 VENTION. 



REDUCING THE LABOR TURNOVER. 



"New Men for Old, the Hiring and Firing Problem in Indus- 

 try," is the title of an article by Lillian Ersl<ine and Treadwell 

 Cleveland, Jr., in "Everybody's Magazine," and reprinted for dis- 

 tribution by the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of 

 America, that merits the attention of every employer, especially 

 at this time when the war has forced the great cost of the labor 

 turnover into prominence. Never has there been a better expo- 

 sition of the cost of this turnover in instruction, damage to equip- 

 ment, lowered production and spoiled work, nor of where the 

 blame rests. A convincing case is argued for the fact that the 

 real product of a factory is not materials but men, and 16 essen- 

 tials are stated for standardizing the turnover and reducing it to 

 the minimum. A study of the means advocated as tending to- 

 ward the elimination of this costly economic and social waste in- 

 dicates that leading American rubber industries have already 

 adopted many of them with gratifying results. 



THE National Leather & Shoe Finders' .Association held its 

 regular convention at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, July 10, 11 

 and 12. A portion of its session included a meeting of the 

 Rubber Heel Club of America, which is composed of manu- 

 facturers of rubber heels and soles, the special purpose of this 

 club being to bring about a spirit of cooperation among these 

 manufacturers and to further the sale and use of rubber in place 

 of sole leather. 



Robert H. Cory, of the O'Sullivan Rubber Co., New York 

 City, president of the Rubber Heel Club, stated that it is esti- 

 mated that 10 per cent of the residents of New York City 

 wear rubber heels. Allowing for the consumption of three 

 pairs of heels per year per wearer, and applying these figures 

 to the population of the country at large, disclosed the possi- 

 bilities of merchandising 30,000,000 pairs of rubber heels annually 

 through the country. 



George A. Stetson, of the Elastic Tip Co., Boston, Massachu- 

 setts, the secretary of the club, reported that a great deal has 

 been accomplished in promoting amicable relations between the 

 members of the club and the Finders' Association and that he 

 felt certain that as the work of both bodies became better under- 

 stood, greater progress would be made in the future. 



C. H. Oakley, of the Essex Rubber Co., Trenton, New Jer- 

 sey, a director of the Rubber Heel Club, stated that the relations 

 between the rubber heel and shoe finders' organizations had been 

 established on a most satisfactory basis. The members of the 

 Rubber Heel Club met several times during the year and the 

 result has been that relationships have been established so that 

 three-quarters of all the manufacturers of rubber heels discuss 

 their trade problems with the utmost freedom and candor. He 

 said that only by the elimination of wasteful manufacturing and 

 foolish business methods can it be possible for merchandise of 

 acceptable quality to reach the consumer with a fair margin of 

 -"profit to all parties concerned in the trade. 



During the convention the following resolution was passed by 

 the National Leather & Shoe Finders' ."Association : 



Resolved: That the National Leather and Shoe Finders' As- 

 sociation endorses and approves of the organization purposes 

 and methods of the Rubber Heel Club of America and urges 

 co-operation with its efforts to create and extend the use of 

 rubber heels and to further the mutual interests of manufac- 

 turers, distributers and users of rubber heels. 



An important action at this convention was the appointment 

 of an educational committee and the raising of a sum of over 

 $20,000 for an educational campaign, to be carried into effect 

 by an educational director to be appointed by this committee. 



A feature of the convention was the address of Frank W. 

 Whitcher, a leading Boston shoe findings manufacturer and 

 jobber, and proprietor of the Velvet rubber heels, whose analysis 

 of the present trade situation was very thorough, and instructive. 

 Mr. Whitcher is an ex-president of the Finders' .Association and 

 for several years held the office of treasurer, resigning at this 

 session because of the pressure of his duties in connection with 

 the National Chamber of Commerce. 



VENTILATED RUBBER COATS? 



VTOW it is an acid-proof textile fabric that is wanted; this to 

 ^ ^ be used for the clothing of workmen employed in chemical 

 plants producing, or using, acids. Cotton and other vegetable 

 fibers are useless, and wool fabrics disintegrate very quickly. 

 Rubber effectively resists the strongest mineral acids, but rubber 

 suits are not comfortable and rubber is therefore used only for 

 gloves and boots. Perhaps a wool cloth impregnated with rubber 

 in such a manner as to render it sufficiently pliable, and yet wear- 

 resisting, may be developed. [Textile World Journal.] 



