THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



345 



Reg. United Kingdom, 

 each month by 



RUBBER PUBLISHING GO. 



Re^ United States Pat. Off 

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THE INDIA 



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 C.iBlF .IDDRESS: IRWORLD. NEW YORK. 



HENRY C. PEARSON, F.R.G.S., Editor 



Vol. 60. 



APRIL K 1919. 



No. \. 



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TABLE OF CONTENTS ON LAST PAGE OF READING. 

 37,500,000 TIRES FOR 1919. 



T' 



HE total number of passenger automobiles and 

 trucks registered in the United States for the year 



1918 was 6,088,169, representing an increase of 1,026,555 

 cars over 1917, despite the war curtailment of manufac- 

 ture. Nearly 70 per cent of these new cars were Fords, 

 the Ford output of passenger cars and trucks for the 

 fiscal year ended July 31, 1918, being 706,584 cars. The 



1919 Ford campaign calls for an output of 1,000,000 

 cars, and as other companies contemplate similar in- 

 creases, the 1919 registration will probably jump at least 

 1,500,000. 



These statistics forecast an American output of some 



37,500,000 tires for the year. Assuming five tires per 



car as the average yearly consumption — four in use and 



one spare, it will require 30,440,845 tires to operate the 



cars registered at the end of 1918. The 1919 production 



of cars will call for 6,000,000 tires as original equipment, 



and for each of these cars a spare will quickly be bought, 



thereby adding 1,500,000 to the grand total. It remains 



only to deduct something for the old cars that may go 



out of service during the year. This will hardly exceed 



o~- and probably not equal 440,845 tires, the odd part of the 



^ first item, so that 37,500,000 tires may be regarded as a 



, conservative estiinate, especially in view of the depleted 



condition of .\merican tire stocks following the curtail- 

 ment period. 



LIGHTING THE RUBBER FACTORY. 



TX this era of superproduction too much attention can- 

 •*■ not be paid to the lighting system in a rubber factory. 

 L'jjon its perfection and scientific arrangement depend 

 the quality of the product, the standard of the output 

 and the efficienc)- of the employe. In the early days of 

 factories kerosene lamps and open-burner jets were the 

 only sources of artificial light available. Then came the 

 incandescent lamp in 1879, as great a revolution in its 

 way as the gas jet was over the old whale-oil lamp or 

 tallow dip. With the development of the Mazda and 

 other types of lamps came practical perfection. 



\\'ise factory managers now recognize that lighting is 

 not an expense to be minimized, but is a most important 

 aid to economic production and may even become the 

 deciding factor between profit and loss. Here is a typical 

 test to show the relation of light to output. 



In a Chicago factory a lighting system using incan- 

 descent lamps in deep bowl reflectors, was carefully de- 

 signed to provide four-foot candles of illumination. The 

 men worked under these conditions for a period. Then 

 the intensity was increased to 12-foot candles, in other 

 words the lighting was trebled. This change was at- 

 tended by an 8 to 27 per cent increase in production. 

 These figures cover eight different operations, which 

 averaged a 15 per cent increase. 



Insurance companies recognize that suitable light is 

 as essential to the safety of employes as any of the safe- 

 guards which are applied to belts, pulleys and gears. 

 Codes of lighting have been devised in many states su- 

 pervised by the Department of Labor for the protection 

 of employes. These bodies have recognized that many 

 accidents may be avoided by proper lighting. The plant 

 operator should ask himself the questions : "Is there arti- 

 ficial illumination in every part of the plant likely to be 

 traversed by workmen? Are all moving parts clearly 

 visible, and are the lights so shielded that a man will not 

 be temporarily blinded and thus not be able to see gears, 

 belts, and other mechanisms?" 



Good lighting is furthermore reflected in the faces of 

 the operators, in healthful, buoyant spirits. Bad lighting 

 is irritating because it makes it difficult to see, and the 

 mind unconsciously becomes obsessed with the idea that 

 it is being imposed upon. The experienced and trained 

 man is not easily replaced, and under a bad lighting 

 system he becomes incapacitated at the very time when 

 he should be yielding the best returns. 



Of the cost of a modern system an Edison expert says: 

 "Assuming the rate of wage is 25 cents per hour, the 

 power cost is 2 cents per kilowatt-hour, and that a 100- 

 watt Mazda C lamp is provided for each operator, the 

 total cost of operation of this lamp, including renewals 

 and cleaning, would be about 4/10 cent per hour. There- 

 fore, if with this lighting a man can save one minute per 



NEW V 

 80TAN! 



