INFORMATION RELA-TING TO CO-OPERATION AND ASSOCIATION 37 



engines and to undertake without delay ploughing and other agricultural 

 operations which have for the present been suspended. 



The capital has been subscribed by the members in proportion to 

 the number of hectares (i) of arable land they hold and has allowed the 

 purchase of the following machines : * 



18 Emerson 20 horse power traction engines 



6 Arion 40 )/ » » » 



2 Avery 35 » » « » 



2 » 16 » » » )) 



3 Avance 20 '> » » » 

 I Bull 16 )> » » » 



that is 32 traction engines at a total cost of about 500,000 francs (2;. 



The activity of the syndicate will affect twenty-two comnumes, and 

 about 7,200 hectares of arable land fitted for the intensive culture of 

 corn and sugar beetroot. The scarcity of agricultural labour in this dis- 

 trict — as a result of the mobilization of Belgian workmen, the proximity of 

 factories of war material and the prohibition to employ prisonners of war 

 which was long in force — decided the agriculturists to use these new- 

 methods of work as a matter of urgency. 



Counting the traction engines already bought by individuals outside 

 the syndicate, there are now forty of these machines in the arrondissement 

 of Pontoise, and the possibility of shortly using double that number ought 

 to be realized. 



UNITED STATES. 



THE DEVEIvOPMENT OF THE CO-OPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS CONTROI,l,ING 

 DAIRY PRODUCl'ION IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1906 TO 1916 ~ Hoard's 

 Dairyman, Fort Atkinson, 3 November 1916. 



The movement in favour of co-operative societies of breedeis and pro- 

 ducers in order to inspect the individual production of milch cows, for the 

 purpose of selection, began in Michigan in 1906 and has in ten years spread 

 through thirty-eight States. To-day there are 346 of these associations. 



(i) I hectare = 2.47 acres. 

 (2) 1.261 1 francs ■-= is at par. 



