12 AUSTRIA - CO-OPERATION AND ASSOCIATION' 



The following are the thirteen co-operative societies for the production 

 of oil, placed in the order of the date of their foundation and first activity : 



1908-1909 : Kali, Preko, Zmau. 



1909-1910 : Igrane, Janjina. 



1910-1911 Murter, Praskvica (which adhered to the Serbian Federa- 

 tion Savez sepskih privrednih zadruga na Primorju in Ragusa) Pucisce. 



1911-1912 : Banj, Briso, Iz Veliki, Tucepi. 



1912-1913 : Podgora. 



The membership of all these societies has gradually risen from 200 at 

 the end of 1908-1909 to about 1,300 at the end of 1913-1914. 



Corporations — as for instance communal banks — are frequently 

 among the members. 



The members of the directing body and the superintending council 

 are most frequently numerous — three to eleven ; but three to five would 

 usually suffice. Almost always they are obliged to undergo a preliminary 

 initiation in their functions, a precaution which has in several cases yielded 

 entirely encouraging results. 



§ I. Capitai, of Instali<ation. 



An oil co-operative society's capital of installation is generally consi 

 derable, being proportionate to the amount of oil which should without 

 fail be produced, an amount which is not easily determined in advance. 

 The almost complete lack of certain statistics with regard to the local pro- 

 duction of the olive trees, and the realization of their value and of that of 

 olive-oil, obliges recourse to valuations. The matter is complicated by an- 

 other and weighty factor, namely the frequent desire of most olive-growers 

 in the society's district to have actual proof of the society's good results 

 before they decide to adhere to it. 



It has been noticed that a small enterprise needs a relatively larger 

 capital than one Vv^hich is more important. The general statement may 

 be made that in view of particular conditions in Dalmatia the total costs 

 of installation should not exceed 150 crowns (i) per quintal (2) of the aver- 

 age quantity of oil annually produced. Thus a society producing on an 

 average 50,000 kilogrammes (3) should invest in its own enterprise only 

 500 X 150 = 7.5,000 crowns. Approximate estimates show that each 

 of the thirteen societies has on an average an annual total produc- 

 tion of 4,000 quintals and an installation capital of more than 800,000 

 crowns, that is more than 200 crowns for each quintal. In recent j^ears the 

 average amount of oil produced has however been less than 2,000 quintals 



(i) I crown = about 10 ^/jg d at par. 



(2) I quintal = 220 lbs. 



(3) I kilogramme = 2 ^5 lbs. 



