94 RUSSIA - AGRICUI,TURAI< ECONOMY IN GENERAIv 



ing their holdings during the period of the enquiry. The market value of 

 the buildings — the effect of a general rise in prices — has been disregarded 

 in accordance with the aim of the whole enquiry as already stated. 



As regards single colonies the increase in value of capital in buildings 

 was greatest in vSeppala, where it averaged 2,758 Finnish marks a lot ; and 

 least in Nipuli, the average there being 427 Finnish marks a lot. The num- 

 ber of dwelling houses on the 85 lots investigated was 98 and they comprised 

 224 rooms. Thus there was an average of 2.5 weather-tight rooms for each 

 lot and 2.3 for each dwelling house. An average of 255 cubic metres, 

 measurements being taken outside, was devoted to dwelling house room 

 on each lot, namely 236 cubic metres to Uving-rooms and kitchens and 

 19 cubic metres to masonr3\ On an average 2.2 members of a family 

 inhabited each living-room, 1.7 being over twelve years old. 



In all the 85 lots there were 188 stables and byres, that is an average 

 of 2.2 a lot. This average is high because, as already stated, many colonists' 

 lots have arisen out of earlier torp holdings which usually included several 

 buildings. 



The buildings for storage comprised, when measured from outside, an 

 average of 62 cubic metres for each lot, storerooms, granaries and cellars 

 being included. 



The value of buildings averaged for each member of a family 175 Fin- 

 nish marks, or 270 for each of such of them as were over twelve years old. The 

 author observes that these figures represent very low values even according 

 to Finnish standards ; and that in the case of capital in buildings, as in that 

 of capital in land, colonizing enterprise in Finland has succeeded in keeping 

 costs very low, especially where it has been possible to bu}' up older build- 

 ings cheaply. 



2. Farming Capital. 



The farming capital of the colonists can be analysed as capital in 

 machines and implements, in live stock, in other stock, in shares in the 

 co-operative funds and in cash. We will briefly consider these components 

 individually. 



a) Capital in machines and implements. When the colonists' lots were 

 taken over the machines and implements were worth 15,642 Finnish marks. 

 During the course of the enquiry their value rose to 22,439 Finnish marks 

 and on i July 1912 it had reached the sum of 38,081 Finnish marks. Its 

 greatest increase in value up to that date occurred in Seppala colony, where 

 it was 735 Finnish marks, its least in Nipuli colony where it was 199 

 Finnish marks. The average annual increase in the different classes of 

 property forming capital in machines and implements, on a single lot and 

 on a hectare of arable and meadowland, can be shown as follows : 



