THE RESULTS OF INTERIOR COLONIZATION IN FINLAND 



103 



vested in farming, the forest dues were reckoned among the liabiHties the 

 colonists incurred b}^ forestry, as against the uses they made of their wood- 

 land possessions. 



The total value of the forest dues from the time the land was taken 

 over until the close of the period of enquiry was 52,434 Finnish marks. 

 The yearly average for a lot was 138 Finnish marks, or for a hectare of cul- 

 tivated land 13.05 Finish marks. From the total sum of the forest dues 

 79.7 per cent, must be deducted as the value of the woodland products 

 (fuel) and 20.3 per cent, as that of pasturage. 



The firewood used on the farms is for the most part gathered from the 

 fallen wood, and wood having a market value is seldom used as fuel. 

 In Muddais, where there is less woodland than in the other colonies, the 

 colonists take firewood from their wood most sparingly. It has happened 

 that firewood has been sold by the colonists outside a colony, being 

 transported by water. In Takkula the colonists procure their firewood 

 from distant forests and therefore are very careful in their use of it. The 

 costs of importing wood are a considerable burden on the farming of the 

 colonists. The yearly value of the woodland pasturage in the different 

 colonies for single lots is computed by the author as follows : 



Muddais 



Sippola 



Siikajarvi 



Nipuli 



Koskipaa 



Takkula 



Seppala 



Average for a lot 



Houses 

 Finnish marks 



12 

 I 



3 



Cows 

 Finnish marks 



22 

 16 

 16 

 24 



39 

 12 



9 



Sheep 

 Finnish marks 



The sum of inheritances and presents received by the colonists during 

 the time of the enquiry was 5,687 Finnish marks, an average of 67 Finnish 

 marks for a lot or 6.27 for a hectare of land. 



§ 7. Changes in assets and liapilities and t?ie net profit m.\de. 



The two preceding sections have given the alterations in the single as- 

 sets and liabilities and the groups of these. We will now resume and com- 

 pare all assets and liabilities as they were both before and after the lots were 



