THE QUESTION OF FORESTRY 121 



Pastured sheep 157.336 



V cattle 21,786 



>> goats 13.438 



» horses 2,680 



» pigs 6,550 



in addition to 23,583 pigs'fed on acorns (i). 



New Serbia. — The utihzation of the woods of New vSerbia consisted 

 fundamentally, as in old Serbia, in the theft of wood. 



It has been said that the large woods were burnt and destroyed. This 

 was done : 



i) By the " cipcije ", the land serfs, who, since the}' held no land and 

 cultivated the land . of feudatories under the obhgation of pa3'ing feudal 

 dues, set fire to these woods in order to obtain new pasturage for their 

 live stock, the keeping of which — since live stock were free from taxes — 

 was their most lucrative form of activit^^ 



2) By government agents who burnt the woods in order that they 

 might not shelter comitadjis. 



In the period of Turkish domination the government and the private 

 woods were regularlj- utilized, but most unscientifically and without the 

 exercise of any guardianship on the part of the State. So much was this 

 the case that leave to cut wood in the government woods was obtained 

 easily : b^- pa^'ing a very small due one might cut down at one's own dis- 

 cretion as much as one chose. As for private woods the vState con- 

 cerned itself not at all with them : the wood was cut at the full and abso- 

 lute discretion of the owners. 



Woodcutting was at this time undertaken to procure : 

 a) firewood, 



h) green branches for feeding live stock, 

 c) various kinds of wood. 



Woodcutting for the two first of these objects was by itself very im- 

 portant ; that for the third was quite negligible. 



In all New Serbia there were in this period only two saw-works, namely 

 in the wood of Ozany which belonged to the convent of St. Troiza and in 

 the wood of Maistorsca Tora which belonged to the manufacturer and mer- 

 chant Necib Draga. 



It is probable that the pasturage in the woods was very important, 

 but no data allow a precise idea of it to be formed. 



§ 4. Forest administration. 



The ancient territory of the kingdom of Serbia is divided into twenty- 

 four forest districts, each of which has its particular administration. 



(i) The utilization of the acorns in the woods has been very imporlanl in the last 

 twenty years during which the meat of the pigs called « paloziie » has been much exported, 

 but such exportation is diminishing piogressively. 



