THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK — PART VI. 343 



coupled to the hind quarters, which should be nicely rounded, smooth and 

 plentifully supplied with muscle. Particular attention should be paid to 

 the hock. The legs must be moderately short and have a supply of bone 

 sufficient to support the weight and work of the animal, and, of course, 

 must be sound. A short leg, with low-set knees and hocks, is one that 

 will stand wear and tear and usually goes with a strong, closely coupled 

 body. Head and neck should be proportionate to the size of the horse. 

 The whole appearance should be massive. 



Action. — The action of the drafter is confined almost exclusively to 

 the walk. For this reason the walk is of vital importance. Rapidity of 

 step and length of stride enable him to cover considerable ground in the 

 least possible time. Straightness, smoothness, regularity and lack of fric- 

 tion enable him to do this with the least possible wear and injury to him- 

 self. The trot should possess all the merits of the walk. 



Demand. — Horses of this description are in strong demand for use in 

 city streets of America and Europe. The great packing houses, brewing 

 companies, wholesale houses, and heavy dray and transfer companies buy 

 this class of horse, differing slightly in weight, according to the purpose to 

 which it is to be put or the desires of the purchaser. 



The rougher, plainer drafters are used for the coarser work of the 

 cities, where the style of a team is of no particular importance to its 

 owner. The lumber trade takes such a horse, often buying animals that 

 are blemished or even unsound. 



The horse used for the American city trade is also in strong demand 

 for the export trade to England and the continent. 



THE LONDON VANNEE. 



The horse known in England as a van horse is very largely purchased 

 on the American markets. He is simply a good, "toppy" American drafter, 

 such as has already been described weighing from 1,600 to 1,800 pounds, 

 and standing from 16 to 16.2 hands, with a strong, compact body on short, 

 strong legs, with sound, healthy feet. He is used to draw heavy drays, 

 vans, etc. 



THE SCOTCH, OB GLASGOW, TANNER. 



This horse is about the same as the English as to weight, though he 

 may be lighter, and is more upstanding — that is, on longer legs. His work 

 is the same as that of other classes of horses intended for moderately 

 heaTy city work. 



The horse that the Englishmen term a "cart horse" is extremely rare 

 on the American market, and, when found, not always of the best quality. 

 He should stand 16.2 to 17.2 hands, and weigh 2,000 pounds and upward. 



THE EXPBESS HOESE. 



After the drafter, the remaining classes of the draft type are distin- 

 guished by the fact that their work is done almost exclusiTely at the trot. 

 The first of these is the expresser. This is one of the best and highest 

 classes on the market so far as individual excellence is concerned, and 



