THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK — PART IX. 



503 



more of feed and producing a total of skim milk and butter of but 97 cents 

 less for the year. Rose made a profit of $11.82 for the year in excess of 

 Daisy. Surely nothing here to show that the large cow is the expensive 

 producer. Butter is estimated at twenty cents and skim milk at one-fourth 

 cents per pound. 



Comparison of two cows with one cow for eight weeks at two stations: 



The feed of the two smaller cows was grain 28, hay 16, ensilage 40. 

 The feed of the larger cow was grain 27.29, mangel 29.6, ensilage 81.6. The 

 price of feed is not given by the Minnesota station, but rather as the 

 Michigan station figures, viz.: Hay $6.00, ensilage $2.00, oil meal $22.75, 

 oats $16, corn meal $19, bran $14, barley $19 per ton. All came in about 

 the same time. Rosa Bonheur was fed in Michigan, Houston and Fortune 

 in Minnesota. Rosa at this time had a box stalk one side of which was 

 but one thickness of boards unevenly battened, the weather at zero and 

 below for several successive nights. I know nothing about the barns of 

 Houston and Fortune. Again Houston is reported to have eaten 20.16 

 pounds dry matter to make one pound of butter fat in winter of '93, While 

 Rosa Bonheur made on pound of fat from 19.7 dry matter. I see no reason 

 from these data to conclude that of two equally thrifty persistent milkers, 

 one weighing 800, the other 1,600, the former should produce a pound of 

 milk and butter at the lesser cost. If we could find two cows having produc- 

 tive capacity exactly proportionate to weight, being equal in thrift, appetite 

 and ability to digest and convert food into milk and butter, I should expect 

 the larger cow to prduce at the lower cost. 



The size of the udder is not necessarily an indication of relative value. 

 The largest udder on a Short-Horn type of Holstein cow that I ever saw 

 proved to have unusually large, fleshy and small glandular development. 

 This cow never made a record worth publishing. The skin covering the 

 udder should be soft, flexible and elastic, not thick, harsh and rigid. After 

 milking it should collapse and hang in folds. The greater the dimunition 

 in the size of the udder before and after milking the greater the indication 

 of milk secreting development. If the teats hang close together you 

 must expect inferiority. I am not prepared to reject the Guenon Escutcheon 

 theory. In fact, as far as my unrecorded observations go, it seems to me 

 good cows have usually had large escutcheon development. It may be 

 finally determined that the escutcheon will be an indication of quality, 



