THIRD ANNUAL YEAR BOOK — PART IX. 517 



siderable less than it was before. By this experience I saw that a hand 

 separator meant more dollars and cents into the pockets of the farmers. 



When the farmer has finished separating his milk he feeds his calves 

 the nice fresh skimmed milk, pours what he has left into the swill barrel. 

 His wife washes the cans and separator, which is done in short order as 

 the dirt has no time to stick to sides of the cans and separator. Our op- 

 ponents may say that the washing of the separator is quite an item, but I 

 have some of the farmers' wives tell me that by long odds they would 

 sooner wash the separator than the milk cans in the condition they are 

 when they come back from the creamery. It certainly is easier to cool 

 the cream than the milk, for even though cream does not cool as quick as 

 milk the amount is so much less that the advantage is decidedly in favor 

 of the cream., Our opponents will most likely say again, "But the farmer 

 does not give his cream the same care and attention as the milk, and be- 

 sides will try and keep it two or three days, as the amount looks too small 

 to him to send to the creamery." It is true the farmer will at first have a 

 tendency to do this very thing, but if the butter maker or weigher insists 

 upon him sending good cream and points out to him the bad results of this 

 practice the farmer will take better care of his cream. At least that was my 

 experience. Another strong point in favor of separators is that the farmer 

 is not compelled to send his cream to his home plant, if at any time he 

 thinks he is not getting fair treatment, or if the creamery is for some rea- 

 son or another compelled to shut down. In either case he can take his 

 cream to the nearest railway station and ship it to where he can obtain 

 good results. 



Briefly stated the advantages of hand separator cream over whole milk 

 are: Better feed for the calves; no danger of having sent back impure 

 milk from another patron's herd; less expense in hauling and running of 

 creamery, which means more money into the pockets of the farmer from 

 the creamery, and the doing away of the running of the creamery on Sun- 

 days which a great many whole milk plants insist upon. This last advan- 

 tage created a better moral effect on the community in which the creamery 

 is located. 



Gentlemen: If any of you want a good, thorough discussionn the farm 

 separator as based upon observation and information obtained from those 

 having had experience with the same, just read our dairy commissioner's 

 report on farm separators and I think you will concede that the advantages 

 of the farm machine more than offset the disadvantages and that the hand 

 separator is here to stay. 



President : The next part in this discussion was to have been 

 taken by Mr. Leighton, but it is impossible for him to be present 

 at this hour, so we will listen to Mr. A. O. Elvidge of Elkader. 



