606 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Brughier made choice of the land where this tree now stands, as he was 

 a prominent man and acquired great influence with the Yankton Sioux, 

 and became the firm and staunch friend of Hu-yan-e-ka (War Eagle), who 

 was always the friend of the white men . Hu-yan-e-ka (War Eagle) being 

 about 18 or 20 years old at the time Lewis and Clark passed up the river, 

 August 21, 1804, was no doubt among the many who counseled on that 

 day under this tree of what should be done with the invaders. The title 

 of the Indians to this land became extinct in 1847, and in 1849 Mr. 

 Brughier settled on it and became the owner. The evidence of burnt 

 stone and bone under the grass and roots tell us much of what has taken 

 place under the shadow of this great tree; and like the bird that comes 

 home to die, so with Hu-yan-e-ka (War Eagle), when aged and feeble, 

 he came and died near this historical tree, in 1851, and was buried, like 

 Floyd, on the summit of a high bluff overlooking this now beautiful park, 

 where the eye with one vision can scan a portion of the commonwealth 

 of Iowa, Nebraska and Dakota, with Highland and the Corn City as a 

 background. Perhaps the last council of a chief was held under this 

 tree in 1854, when Smutty Bear, the successor of Hu-yan-e-ka, was sur- 

 prised to find John K. Cook and Gen. Lyon, who fell at Wilson's creek, 

 with others making a survey at the mouth of the now Perry creek, where 

 Sioux City now is. Smutty Bear ordered Dr. Cook to cease his labor, 

 but not succeeding, he is supposed to have repaired to the old council 

 tree, and there, with chiefs and medicine men, decided to strike their 

 teepees and departed to the northwest; ;and it is believed that this was 

 the last council ever held under the ancient tree on the once famous camp- 

 ing ground of the Sioux, now the Riverside park. 



"Waka-cha-sha, Pet of the Sioux." 



BEAUTIFYING AND UTILIZING OF RAILROAD GROUNDS. 



E. E. Little, Ames, Iowa. 

 • In this paper I not only wish to discuss the ornamentation of railroad 

 station grounds but also the improvement and utilization of ground along 

 the right of way. 



Gardening and planting along railroads has been practiced for nearly 

 a half century in some of the European countries. Foremost in this work 

 is England, Denmark, Sweden, Germany and France. The large rail- 

 load systems of these countries have planted for both ornamentation and 

 economic purposes. 



In Sweden there are three distinctive purposes in mind when plant- 

 ing: First, the planting for decoration on the station grounds. Second, 

 mixed planting along the right-of-way for economical purposes. Third, 

 the planting on the borders of the right-of-way with hedges for pro- 

 tection from snow, and pleasing effect of plants over fences. 



